Circumpolar deep water

In the photo there is North Atlantic Deep Water moving to the right towards the Antarctica land mass while Antarctic Bottom Water moves from the Antarctica land mass downwards towards the ocean floor and to the left. In the middle of these two water masses we see Circumpolar Deep Water being formed from the combination of these masses. The Circumpolar Deep Water moves towards the right toward the Antarctica land mass. There is additional surface water descriptions and arrows indicating their direction. — North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water blend to form Circumpolar Deep Water.

Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is a designation given to the water mass in the Pacific and Indian oceans that is a mixing of other water masses in the region.^[1] It is characteristically warmer and saltier than the surrounding water masses, causing CDW to contribute to the melting of ice shelves in the Antarctic region.^[2]

^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cook, A. J.; Holland, P. R.; Meredith, M. P.; Murray, T.; Luckman, A.; Vaughan, D. G. (2016). "Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula". Science. 353 (6296): 283–286. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..283C. doi:10.1126/science.aae0017. PMID 27418507. S2CID 206646176.

[:12-1] Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:1-2] Cook, A. J.; Holland, P. R.; Meredith, M. P.; Murray, T.; Luckman, A.; Vaughan, D. G. (2016). "Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula". Science. 353 (6296): 283–286. Bibcode:2016Sci...353..283C. doi:10.1126/science.aae0017. PMID 27418507. S2CID 206646176.

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