Civil investigative demand

A civil investigative demand (CID) is a discovery tool used by a number of executive agencies in the United States to obtain information relevant to an investigation. By contrast with other discovery mechanisms, CIDs are typically issued before a complaint has been filed by the government in order to commence a lawsuit against the recipient of the CID.^[1] CIDs are considered a type of administrative subpoena.^[2]

^ McFarland 1980, p. 1451: "The civil investigative demand is a precomplaint compulsory process used by state or federal attorneys general to gather information to ascertain whether any violation of law has occurred or whether further investigation is warranted."
^ Kristofcak, Alexander (April 2020). "FCA v. FDA: The Case Against the Presumption of Immateriality from Agency Inaction" (PDF). New York University Law Review. 95: 264.

[FOOTNOTEMcFarland19801451-1] McFarland 1980, p. 1451: "The civil investigative demand is a precomplaint compulsory process used by state or federal attorneys general to gather information to ascertain whether any violation of law has occurred or whether further investigation is warranted."

[:0-2] Kristofcak, Alexander (April 2020). "FCA v. FDA: The Case Against the Presumption of Immateriality from Agency Inaction" (PDF). New York University Law Review. 95: 264.

[1]

[2]