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Madrid and its metropolitan area has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk)[2] which transitions to a mediterranean climate (Csa) on the western half of the city. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima)[3] and according to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Madrid has a subtropical climate.[4] Madrid has hot summers and relatively cool winters with somewhat frequent frosts (15 days have lows under 0 °C (32 °F) on average) and occasional snowfalls, with 3-4 snowy days on average.
- ^ "Weather Information for Madrid".
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Evolución de los climas de Köppen en España en el periodo 1951-2020 - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-09-29.
- ^ Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification Archived October 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Die Klimatypen der Erde - Pädagogische Hochschule in Heidelberg
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