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Cognitive rehabilitation therapy

Cognitive rehabilitation therapy
Effects of cognitive rehabilitation therapy, assessed using fMRI.
Specialtyneurology/psychiatry

Cognitive rehabilitation refers to a wide range of evidence-based interventions[1][2][3][4] designed to improve cognitive functioning in brain-injured or otherwise cognitively impaired individuals to restore normal functioning, or to compensate for cognitive deficits.[5] It entails an individualized program of specific skills training and practice plus metacognitive strategies. Metacognitive strategies include helping the patient increase self-awareness regarding problem-solving skills by learning how to monitor the effectiveness of these skills and self-correct when necessary.

Cognitive rehabilitation therapy (offered by a trained therapist) is a subset of Cognitive Rehabilitation (community-based rehabilitation, often in traumatic brain injury; provided by rehabilitation professionals) and has been shown to be effective for individuals who had a stroke in the left or right hemisphere.[6] or brain trauma.[7] A computer-assisted type of cognitive rehabilitation therapy called cognitive remediation therapy has been used to treat schizophrenia, ADHD, and major depressive disorder.[8][9][10][11][12]

Cognitive rehabilitation builds upon brain injury strategies involving memory,[13] executive functions, activities planning and "follow through" (e.g., memory, task sequencing, lists).[14]

It may also be recommended for traumatic brain injury, the primary population for which it was developed in the university medical and rehabilitation communities,[15][16][17][18] such as that sustained by U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords, according to Dr. Gregory J. O'Shanick of the Brain Injury Association of America.[19] Her new doctor has confirmed that it will be part of her rehabilitation.[20] Cognitive rehabilitation may be part of a comprehensive community services program and integrated into residential services, such as supported living, supported employment, family support, professional education, home health (as personal assistance),[21][22] recreation, or education programs in the community.

Cognitive rehabilitation for spatial neglect following stroke

The current body of evidence is uncertain on the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation for reducing the disabling effects of neglect and increasing independence remains unproven.[23] However, there is limited evidence that cognitive rehabilitation may have an immediate beneficial effect on tests of neglect.[23] Overall, no rehabilitation approach can be supported by evidence for spatial neglect.

  1. ^ Cicerone, Keith D.; Dahlberg, Cynthia; Kalmar, Kathleen; Langenbahn, Donna M.; Malec, James F.; Bergquist, Thomas F.; Felicetti, Thomas; Giacino, Joseph T.; Harley, J.Preston (December 2000). "Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Recommendations for clinical practice". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 81 (12): 1596–1615. doi:10.1053/apmr.2000.19240. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 11128897.
  2. ^ Cicerone, Keith D.; Dahlberg, Cynthia; Malec, James F.; Langenbahn, Donna M.; Felicetti, Thomas; Kneipp, Sally; Ellmo, Wendy; Kalmar, Kathleen; Giacino, Joseph T. (August 2005). "Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Updated Review of the Literature From 1998 Through 2002". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 86 (8): 1681–1692. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 16084827.
  3. ^ Cicerone, Keith D.; Langenbahn, Donna M.; Braden, Cynthia; Malec, James F.; Kalmar, Kathleen; Fraas, Michael; Felicetti, Thomas; Laatsch, Linda; Harley, J. Preston (April 2011). "Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Updated Review of the Literature From 2003 Through 2008". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 92 (4): 519–530. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.015. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 21440699.
  4. ^ Cicerone, Keith D.; Goldin, Yelena; Ganci, Keith; Rosenbaum, Amy; Wethe, Jennifer V.; Langenbahn, Donna M.; Malec, James F.; Bergquist, Thomas F.; Kingsley, Kristine (March 2019). "Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Systematic Review of the Literature From 2009 Through 2014". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 100 (8): 1515–1533. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.02.011. hdl:1805/18829. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 30926291. S2CID 88480565.
  5. ^ "Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and Don't Know about Its Efficacy" (PDF). ECRI Institute. 2011-01-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-19. Retrieved 2014-04-17. Approaches to cognitive rehabilitation therapy are generally separated into two broad categories: restorative and compensatory.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference cr2002 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Soderback I.; Ekholm J. (1992). "January–March). Medical and social factors affecting behavior patterns in patients with acquired brain damage: a study of patients living at home three years after incident". Disability and Rehabilitation. 14 (1): 30–35. doi:10.3109/09638289209166424. PMID 1586757.
  8. ^ Elgamal S, McKinnon MC, Ramakrishnan K, Joffe RT, MacQueen G (Sep 2007). "Successful computer-assisted cognitive remediation therapy in patients with unipolar depression: a proof of principle study". Psychol. Med. 37 (9): 1229–38. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001110. PMID 17610766. S2CID 19958026.
  9. ^ Wykes T (May 2007). "Cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: randomised controlled trial". Br J Psychiatry. 190: 421–7. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026575. PMID 17470957.
  10. ^ Wykes T (Aug 2007). "Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for young early onset patients with schizophrenia: an exploratory randomized controlled trial". Schizophr. Res. 94 (1–3): 221–30. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.03.030. PMID 17524620. S2CID 46117743.
  11. ^ O'Connell RG, Bellgrove MA, Dockree PM, Robertson IH (Dec 2006). "Cognitive remediation in ADHD: effects of periodic non-contingent alerts on sustained attention to response". Neuropsychol Rehabil. 16 (6): 653–65. doi:10.1080/09602010500200250. PMID 17127571. S2CID 38725935.
  12. ^ Stevenson CS, et al. (Oct 2002). "A cognitive remediation programme for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 36 (5): 610–6. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01052.x. PMID 12225443. S2CID 24904215.
  13. ^ Zencius A.; Wesolowski M.; Burke W.H. (1990). "January–March). A comparison of four memory strategies with traumatically brain-injured clients". Brain Injury. 4 (1): 33–38. doi:10.3109/02699059009026146. PMID 2297598.
  14. ^ Burke W.H.; Zencius A.H.; Weslowski M.D.; Doubleday F. (1991). "Improving executive function disorders in brain-injured clients". Brain Injury. 5 (3): 241–252. doi:10.3109/02699059109008095. PMID 1933075.
  15. ^ Ben-Yishay, Diller L (1993). "Cognitive remediation in traumatic brain injury: Update and issues". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 74 (2): 204–213. PMID 8431107.
  16. ^ Crowley J.; Miles J. (1991). "Cognitive remediation in pediatric head injury: A case study". Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 16 (5): 611–627. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/16.5.611. PMID 1744809.
  17. ^ Gordon W.; Hibbard M.; Kreutzer J. (1989). "Cognitive remediation: Issues in research and practice". Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 4 (3): 76–84. doi:10.1097/00001199-198909000-00011.
  18. ^ Kreutzer, J. & Wehman, P. (1991). Cognitive Rehabilitation for Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Functional Approach. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
  19. ^ Thomas M. Burton (2011-01-10). "Brain at Risk Despite Quick Aid". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2011-01-21. "The rapid treatment she received needs to be matched by a seamless course of rehabilitation such as cognitive rehabilitation," Dr. O'Shanick said.
  20. ^ "'Intensive Rehabilitation' Is Next for Giffords, New Doctor Says". ABC News Radio. 2011-01-21. Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2011-01-29. The key is get into intensive rehabilitation...Bringing in lots of different people from different specialties to work as a coordinated team, speech, cognitive, physical rehabilitation.
  21. ^ Watson, S. (1991). PAS and head injury. In: J. Weissman, J. Kennedy, & S.Litvak, Personal Perspectives on Personal Assistance Services. (pp. 72-75). Oakland, CA: Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Public Policy and Independent Living, World Institute on Disability.
  22. ^ Ulciny, G. & Jones, M. (1985). Enhancing the attendant management skills of persons with disabilities. American Rehabilitation, 18-20.
  23. ^ a b Bowen, Audrey; Hazelton, Christine; Pollock, Alex; Lincoln, Nadina B (2013-07-01). "Cognitive rehabilitation for spatial neglect following stroke". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (7): CD003586. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003586.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6464849. PMID 23813503.

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