Composition for Twelve Instruments

Composition for Twelve Instruments (1948, rev. 1954) is a serial music composition written by American composer Milton Babbitt for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, trumpet, harp, celesta, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. In it Babbitt for the first time employs a twelve-element duration set to serialize the rhythms as well as the pitches,^[1] predating Olivier Messiaen's (non-serial) "Mode de valeurs et d'intensités", but not the Turangalîla-Symphonie (1946–1948), in which Messiaen used a duration series for the first time in the opening episode of the seventh movement, titled "Turangalîla II".^[2] (Babbitt had also earlier used a different kind of rhythmic series, and serial manipulation thereof, in his Three Compositions for Piano (1947) and Composition for Four Instruments (1948).)

Babbitt's use of rhythm in Composition for Twelve Instruments was criticized by Peter Westergaard in Perspectives of New Music: "can we be expected to hear a family resemblance between a dotted half note followed by a sixteenth note (the opening 'interval' of duration set P₀) and an eighth note followed by a dotted eighth note (the opening 'interval' of duration set P₂)?"^[3] He would later employ an approach based on time points,^[4] which Westergaard described as a solution to the above problems.

The combinatorial tone row used may be represented: 0 1 4 9 5 8 3 t 2 e 6 7^[5]

^ Taruskin, Richard (2009). Oxford History of Western Music. Vol. V: The Late Twentieth Century. p. 168. ISBN 9780195384857..
^ Robert Sherlaw Johnson, Messiaen, revised and updated edition (London: J. M. Dent; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989): 94.
^ Westergaard, Peter (1965). "Some Problems Raised by the Rhythmic Procedures in Milton Babbitt's Composition for Twelve Instruments", Perspectives of New Music 4, no. 1: 109–118, citation on p. 113. Quoted in Taruskin (2009, p. 168) (with "half note" changed to "quarter note").
^ Taruskin 2009, pp. 166–167.
^ Babbitt, Milton (2011). The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt, p. 94. ISBN 9780691089669.

[1] Taruskin, Richard (2009). Oxford History of Western Music. Vol. V: The Late Twentieth Century. p. 168. ISBN 9780195384857..

[2] Robert Sherlaw Johnson, Messiaen, revised and updated edition (London: J. M. Dent; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989): 94.

[3] Westergaard, Peter (1965). "Some Problems Raised by the Rhythmic Procedures in Milton Babbitt's Composition for Twelve Instruments", Perspectives of New Music 4, no. 1: 109–118, citation on p. 113. Quoted in Taruskin (2009, p. 168) (with "half note" changed to "quarter note").

[FOOTNOTETaruskin2009166–167-4] Taruskin 2009, pp. 166–167.

[5] Babbitt, Milton (2011). The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt, p. 94. ISBN 9780691089669.

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