Constitution of the German Empire

Constitution of the German Empire
First and last page of the constitution of 1871, with the signature of Wilhelm, German Emperor and King of Prussia
Overview
Original title	Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches
Jurisdiction	German Empire
Ratified	16 April 1871
Date effective	4 May 1871
System	Federal parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy
Government structure
Branches	3
Head of state	German Emperor
Chambers	Upper House: Bundesrat Lower House: Reichstag
Executive	Chancellor
Judiciary	Reichsgericht
Federalism	Yes
Repealed	14 August 1919
Full text
Constitution of the German Empire at Wikisource

The Constitution of the German Empire (German: Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches) was the basic law of the German Empire. It came into effect on 4 May 1871 and lasted formally until 14 August 1919.^[1] Some German historians refer to it as Bismarck's imperial constitution (German: Bismarcksche Reichsverfassung, BRV).

The Constitution created a federation (federally organised national state) of 25 German states under the permanent presidency of Prussia, the largest and most powerful of the states. The presidency (Bundespräsidium) was a hereditary office of the King of Prussia, who had the title of German Emperor. The emperor appointed the chancellor, who was the head of government and chairman of the Bundesrat, the council of representatives of the German states. Laws were enacted by the Bundesrat and the Reichstag, the parliament elected by male Germans above the age of 25 years.

The imperial constitution followed an earlier constitution of 1 January 1871, the Constitution of the German Confederation. That constitution incorporated some of the agreements between the North German Confederation and the four German states south of the River Main which were joining the new empire. It renamed the country to Deutsches Reich (conventionally translated to 'German Empire') and gave the Prussian king the title of German Emperor.^[2]

The constitutions of 1 January and 4 May 1871 are both essentially an amended version of the North German Constitution, which had been drafted to reflect the ideas of Otto von Bismarck. The political system remained the same. The constitution went out of effect in the November Revolution of 1918 when the legislative and executive powers were taken over by a new revolutionary body. In 1919 a popularly elected national assembly created a republican constitution known as the Weimar Constitution, which has the same title in German as its predecessor (Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches, or 'Constitution of the German Reich').