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Long title | An Act to amend the Public Health Service Act and other laws to provide increased research into, and prevention of, drug abuse and drug dependence; to provide for treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers and drug dependent persons; and to strengthen existing law enforcement authority in the field of drug abuse. |
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Acronyms (colloquial) | CSA |
Enacted by | the 91st United States Congress |
Effective | May 1, 1971 |
Citations | |
Public law | 91-513 |
Statutes at Large | 84 Stat. 1236 a.k.a. 84 Stat. 1242 |
Codification | |
Titles amended | 21 U.S.C.: Food and Drugs |
U.S.C. sections created | 21 U.S.C. ch. 13 § 801 et seq. |
Legislative history | |
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Major amendments | |
Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Prevention Act of 2000 | |
United States Supreme Court cases | |
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Major United States federal drug control laws |
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1906 Pure Food and Drug Act |
Regulates labeling of products containing certain drugs including cocaine and heroin |
1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act |
Regulates opiates and cocaine |
1937 Marihuana Tax Act |
Required taxation of marijuana |
1919 Volstead Act |
Implemented 18th Amendment establishing alcohol prohibition in the United States |
1933 Blaine Act |
Alcohol prohibition repealed via 21st Amendment Repeal of Prohibition in the United States |
1942 Opium Poppy Control Act |
Regulated the growth of the opium poppy and prohibited private cultivation in most states. |
1961 Convention on Narcotics |
Treaty to control marijuana |
1970 Controlled Substances Act |
Scheduling list for drugs |
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon.[1] The Act also served as the national implementing legislation for the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.
The legislation created five schedules (classifications), with varying qualifications for a substance to be included in each. Two federal agencies, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), determine which substances are added to or removed from the various schedules, although the statute passed by Congress created the initial listing. Congress has sometimes scheduled other substances through legislation such as the Hillory J. Farias and Samantha Reid Date-Rape Prevention Act of 2000, which placed gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in Schedule I and sodium oxybate (the isolated sodium salt in GHB) in Schedule III when used under an FDA New Drug Application (NDA) or Investigational New Drug (IND).[2][3] Classification decisions are required to be made on criteria including potential for abuse (an undefined term),[4] currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and international treaties.
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