Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii
	A dry fracture of a Vero cell exposing the contents of a vacuole where Coxiella burnetii is growing
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Legionellales
Family:	Coxiellaceae
Genus:	Coxiella
Species:	C. burnetii
Binomial name
	Coxiella burnetii; (Derrick 1939); Philip 1948

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever.^[1] The genus Coxiella is morphologically similar to Rickettsia, but with a variety of genetic and physiological differences. C. burnetii is a small Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium that is highly resistant to environmental stresses such as high temperature, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet light. These characteristics are attributed to a small cell variant form of the organism that is part of a biphasic developmental cycle, including a more metabolically and replicatively active large cell variant form.^[2] It can survive standard disinfectants, and is resistant to many other environmental changes like those presented in the phagolysosome.^[3]

^ Shaw EI, Voth DE (January 2019). "Coxiella burnetii: A Pathogenic Intracellular Acidophile". Microbiology. 165 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000707. PMC 6600347. PMID 30422108.
^ Voth DE, Heinzen RA (April 2007). "Lounging in a lysosome: the intracellular lifestyle of Coxiella burnetii". Cellular Microbiology. 9 (4): 829–40. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00901.x. PMID 17381428.
^ Sankaran N (2000). "Coxiella burnetii". Microbes and people : an A-Z of microorganisms in our lives. Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press. pp. 72. ISBN 1-57356-217-3. "In contrast to other rickettsiae, which are highly sensitive and easily killed by chemical disinfectants and changes in their surroundings, C. burnetii is highly resistant" & "Q fever". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Infectious Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch. 2003-02-13. Retrieved 2006-05-24. "The organisms are resistant to heat, drying, and many common disinfectants."

[1] Shaw EI, Voth DE (January 2019). "Coxiella burnetii: A Pathogenic Intracellular Acidophile". Microbiology. 165 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1099/mic.0.000707. PMC 6600347. PMID 30422108.

[2] Voth DE, Heinzen RA (April 2007). "Lounging in a lysosome: the intracellular lifestyle of Coxiella burnetii". Cellular Microbiology. 9 (4): 829–40. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00901.x. PMID 17381428.

[3] Sankaran N (2000). "Coxiella burnetii". Microbes and people : an A-Z of microorganisms in our lives. Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press. pp. 72. ISBN 1-57356-217-3. "In contrast to other rickettsiae, which are highly sensitive and easily killed by chemical disinfectants and changes in their surroundings, C. burnetii is highly resistant" & "Q fever". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Infectious Diseases; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases; Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch. 2003-02-13. Retrieved 2006-05-24. "The organisms are resistant to heat, drying, and many common disinfectants."

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