Craniosacral therapy

Craniosacral therapy (CST)
Craniosacral therapy (CST)
Cranial-sacral therapy; Cranial osteopathy; Cranial therapy; Craniopathy; Sacro-occipital technique; Bio-cranial therapy
	Craniosacral therapy
Alternative therapy
NCCIH Classification	Manipulation and body-based
School	Osteopathy

Craniosacral therapy (CST) or cranial osteopathy is a form of alternative medicine that uses gentle touch to feel non-existent rhythmic movements of the skull's bones and supposedly adjust the immovable joints of the skull to achieve a therapeutic result. CST is a pseudoscience and its practice has been characterized as quackery.^[1]^[2] It is based on fundamental misconceptions about the anatomy and physiology of the human skull and is promoted as a cure-all for a variety of health conditions.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Medical research has found no significant evidence that either CST or cranial osteopathy confers any health benefit, and attempts to manipulate the bones of the skull can be harmful, particularly for children or infants.^[4]^[6]^[7] The basic assumptions of CST are not true, and practitioners produce conflicting and mutually exclusive diagnoses of the same patients.^[8]

^
* Aronoff, George R., ed. (1999). Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Pain (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p. 571. ISBN 978-0-683-30149-6.
- Barrett, Stephen (15 May 2004). "Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly". Quackwatch. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
- Gorski D (23 June 2014). "Ketogenic diet does not 'beat chemo for almost all cancers'". Science-Based Medicine. it is quite obvious that modalities such as homeopathy, acupuncture, reflexology, craniosacral therapy, Hulda Clark's "zapper," the Gerson therapy and Gonzalez protocol for cancer, and reiki (not to mention every other "energy healing" therapy) are the rankest quackery
^
* Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Garofalo, Ariele (2006). "Discredited psychological treatments and tests: A Delphi poll". Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 37 (5): 515–22. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.37.5.515. S2CID 35414392.
- Mac Manus M (July 2008). "Unproven medical devices and cancer therapy: big claims but no evidence". Biomed Imaging Interv J (Review). 4 (3): e25. doi:10.2349/biij.4.3.e25. PMC 3097732. PMID 21610999.
- Bledsoe, BE (2004). "The elephant in the room: Does OMT have proved benefit?". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 104 (10): 405–6, author reply 406. PMID 15537794.
- Hartman, Steve E (2006). "Cranial osteopathy: Its fate seems clear". Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 14: 10. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-14-10. PMC 1564028. PMID 16762070.
- Atwood, KC (2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth". MedGenMed. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545.
^ Cite error: The named reference mc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Russell J, Rovere A, eds. (2009). "Craniosacral Therapy". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 187–189. ISBN 9780944235713.
^ Cite error: The named reference garden was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ferré, J. C.; Chevalier, C.; Lumineau, J. P.; Barbin, J. Y. (1 September 1990). "[Cranial osteopathy, delusion or reality?]". Actualités Odonto-Stomatologiques. 44 (171): 481–494. ISSN 0001-7817. PMID 2173359.
^ Cite error: The named reference cass was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Craniosacral Therapy: Does it Work?". www.PainScience.com.

[quack-1] * Aronoff, George R., ed. (1999). Evaluation and Treatment of Chronic Pain (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p. 571. ISBN 978-0-683-30149-6.
Barrett, Stephen (15 May 2004). "Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly". Quackwatch. Retrieved 16 December 2012.

Gorski D (23 June 2014). "Ketogenic diet does not 'beat chemo for almost all cancers'". Science-Based Medicine. it is quite obvious that modalities such as homeopathy, acupuncture, reflexology, craniosacral therapy, Hulda Clark's "zapper," the Gerson therapy and Gonzalez protocol for cancer, and reiki (not to mention every other "energy healing" therapy) are the rankest quackery

[2] Barrett, Stephen (15 May 2004). "Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly". Quackwatch. Retrieved 16 December 2012.

[3] Gorski D (23 June 2014). "Ketogenic diet does not 'beat chemo for almost all cancers'". Science-Based Medicine. it is quite obvious that modalities such as homeopathy, acupuncture, reflexology, craniosacral therapy, Hulda Clark's "zapper," the Gerson therapy and Gonzalez protocol for cancer, and reiki (not to mention every other "energy healing" therapy) are the rankest quackery

[ps-2] * Norcross, John C.; Koocher, Gerald P.; Garofalo, Ariele (2006). "Discredited psychological treatments and tests: A Delphi poll". Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 37 (5): 515–22. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.37.5.515. S2CID 35414392.
Mac Manus M (July 2008). "Unproven medical devices and cancer therapy: big claims but no evidence". Biomed Imaging Interv J (Review). 4 (3): e25. doi:10.2349/biij.4.3.e25. PMC 3097732. PMID 21610999.

Bledsoe, BE (2004). "The elephant in the room: Does OMT have proved benefit?". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 104 (10): 405–6, author reply 406. PMID 15537794.

Hartman, Steve E (2006). "Cranial osteopathy: Its fate seems clear". Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 14: 10. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-14-10. PMC 1564028. PMID 16762070.

Atwood, KC (2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth". MedGenMed. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545.

[5] Mac Manus M (July 2008). "Unproven medical devices and cancer therapy: big claims but no evidence". Biomed Imaging Interv J (Review). 4 (3): e25. doi:10.2349/biij.4.3.e25. PMC 3097732. PMID 21610999.

[6] Bledsoe, BE (2004). "The elephant in the room: Does OMT have proved benefit?". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 104 (10): 405–6, author reply 406. PMID 15537794.

[7] Hartman, Steve E (2006). "Cranial osteopathy: Its fate seems clear". Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 14: 10. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-14-10. PMC 1564028. PMID 16762070.

[8] Atwood, KC (2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: Myths and fallacies vs truth". MedGenMed. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545.

[mc-3] Cite error: The named reference mc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[acs-4] Russell J, Rovere A, eds. (2009). "Craniosacral Therapy". American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. pp. 187–189. ISBN 9780944235713.

[garden-5] Cite error: The named reference garden was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Ferré_481–494-6] Ferré, J. C.; Chevalier, C.; Lumineau, J. P.; Barbin, J. Y. (1 September 1990). "[Cranial osteopathy, delusion or reality?]". Actualités Odonto-Stomatologiques. 44 (171): 481–494. ISSN 0001-7817. PMID 2173359.

[cass-7] Cite error: The named reference cass was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] "Craniosacral Therapy: Does it Work?". www.PainScience.com.

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Craniosacral therapy (CST)
Cranial-sacral therapy Cranial osteopathy Cranial therapy Craniopathy Sacro-occipital technique Bio-cranial therapy
Craniosacral therapy
Alternative therapy
NCCIH Classification	Manipulation and body-based
School	Osteopathy