Cuban Democracy Act

Cuban Democracy Act
Other short titles	Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support Act of 1992; Army National Guard Combat Readiness Reform Act of 1992; Cuban Democracy Act of 1992; Defense Conversion, Reinvestment, and Transition Assistance Act of 1992; Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992; Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992; Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993; Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993; Service Members Occupational Conversion and Training Act of 1992; Weapons of Mass Destruction Control Act of 1992;
Long title	An Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 1993 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe personnel strengths for fiscal year for the Armed Forces, to provide for defense conversion, and for other purposes.
Nicknames	National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993
Enacted by	the 102nd United States Congress
Effective	October 23, 1992
Citations
Public law	102-484
Statutes at Large	106 Stat. 2315 aka 106 Stat. 2575
Codification
Titles amended	22 U.S.C.: Foreign Relations and Intercourse
U.S.C. sections created	22 U.S.C. ch. 69 § 6001 et seq.
Legislative history
	Introduced in the House as H.R. 5006 by Les Aspin (D–WI) on April 29, 1992; Committee consideration by House Armed Services, Senate Armed Services; Passed the Senate on September 19, 1992 (passed voice vote, in lieu of S. 3140); Passed the House on September 24, 1992 (276-135 Roll call vote 423, via Clerk.House.gov, in lieu of H.R. 5323); Reported by the joint conference committee on October 1, 1992; agreed to by the House on October 3, 1992 (304-100, Roll call vote 461, via Clerk.House.gov) and by the Senate on October 5, 1992 (agreed unanimous consent); Signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on October 23, 1992;

The Cuban Democracy Act (CDA), also known as the Torricelli Act or the Torricelli-Graham Bill,^[1] was a bill introduced and sponsored by U.S. Congressman Robert Torricelli and aimed to tighten the U.S. embargo on Cuba.^[2] It reimplemented the ban of U.S. subsidiaries in other countries from trading with Cuba, hindered the ability for ships docked within Cuban ports to travel to U.S. ports, and worked to circumvent other aspects of the embargo to provide humanitarian aid to Cuba in an attempt to draw the Cuban people closer to the United States.^[2]

The act was passed as "A bill to promote U. S intervention through the application of sanctions directed at the Castro government and support for the Cuban people."^[3] Congressman Torricelli stated that the act was intended to "wreak havoc on that island."^[4]

^ LeoGrande, William M. (2014). Back channel to Cuba : the hidden history of negotiations between Washington and Havana. Peter Kornbluh. Chapel Hill. pp. 269–271. ISBN 978-1-4696-1763-3. OCLC 875742399.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b Sweig, Julia (2016). Cuba : what everyone needs to know (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 162–164. ISBN 978-0-19-062038-7. OCLC 934628196.
^ "Cuban Democracy Act ('CDA')" (PDF). United States Code - Title 22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2004.
^ Franklin, Jane (August 30, 1994). "The politics behind Clinton's Cuba policy". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-15. Retrieved 2014-05-16.

[:2-1] LeoGrande, William M. (2014). Back channel to Cuba : the hidden history of negotiations between Washington and Havana. Peter Kornbluh. Chapel Hill. pp. 269–271. ISBN 978-1-4696-1763-3. OCLC 875742399.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[:3-2] Sweig, Julia (2016). Cuba : what everyone needs to know (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 162–164. ISBN 978-0-19-062038-7. OCLC 934628196.

[:4-3] "Cuban Democracy Act ('CDA')" (PDF). United States Code - Title 22: Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2004.

[4] Franklin, Jane (August 30, 1994). "The politics behind Clinton's Cuba policy". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-15. Retrieved 2014-05-16.

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