Cult of Dionysus

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The cult of Dionysus was strongly associated with satyrs, centaurs, and sileni, and its characteristic symbols were the bull, the serpent, tigers/leopards, ivy, and wine. The Dionysia and Lenaia festivals in Athens were dedicated to Dionysus, as well as the phallic processions. Initiates worshipped him in the Dionysian Mysteries, which were comparable to and linked with the Orphic Mysteries, and may have influenced Gnosticism. Orpheus was said to have invented the Mysteries of Dionysus.^[1] It is possible that water divination was an important aspect of worship within the cult.^[2]

The cult of Dionysus traces back to at least Mycenaean Greece, since his name is found on Mycenean Linear B tablets as 𐀇𐀺𐀝𐀰 (di-wo-nu-so).^[3]^[4]^[5] Dionysus is often shown riding a leopard, wearing a leopard skin, or in a chariot drawn by panthers, and is also recognized by his iconic thyrsus. Besides the grapevine and its clashing alter-ego, the poisonous ivy plant, both sacred to him, the fig was another one of his accredited symbols. Additionally, the pinecone that topped his thyrsus linked him to Cybele, an Anatolian goddess.

^ Apollodorus (Pseudo Apollodorus), Library and Epitome, 1.3.2. "Orpheus also invented the mysteries of Dionysus, and having been torn in pieces by the Maenads he is buried in Pieria."
^ Edson, Charles (1948). "Cults of Thessalonica (Macedonica III)". The Harvard Theological Review. 41 (3): 153–204. ISSN 0017-8160.
^ Raymoure, K.A. "di-wo-nu-so". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Adams, John Paul (2005). "Dionysos". California State University.
^ Kerenyi (1976).

[Apollodorus1.3.2-1] Apollodorus (Pseudo Apollodorus), Library and Epitome, 1.3.2. "Orpheus also invented the mysteries of Dionysus, and having been torn in pieces by the Maenads he is buried in Pieria."

[2] Edson, Charles (1948). "Cults of Thessalonica (Macedonica III)". The Harvard Theological Review. 41 (3): 153–204. ISSN 0017-8160.

[3] Raymoure, K.A. "di-wo-nu-so". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean.^{[permanent dead link]}

[4] Adams, John Paul (2005). "Dionysos". California State University.

[5] Kerenyi (1976).

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