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Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assimilates the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially.^[1]

The different types of cultural assimilation include full assimilation and forced assimilation. Full assimilation is the more prevalent of the two, as it occurs spontaneously.^[2] When used as a political ideology, assimilationism refers to governmental policies of deliberately assimilating ethnic groups into the national culture.^[3]

During cultural assimilation, minority groups are expected to adapt to the everyday practices of the dominant culture through language and appearance as well as via more significant socioeconomic factors such as absorption into the local cultural and employment communities.^[4]

Some types of cultural assimilation resemble acculturation in which a minority group or culture completely assimilates into the dominant culture in which defining characteristics of the minority culture are less obverse or outright disappear; while in other types of cultural assimilation such as cultural integration mostly found in multicultural communities, a minority group within a given society adopts aspects of the dominant culture through either cultural diffusion or for practical reason like adapting to another society's social norms while retaining their original culture. A conceptualization describes cultural assimilation as similar to acculturation^[5]^[6] while another merely considers the former as one of the latter's phases.^[1] Throughout history there have been different forms of cultural assimilation. Examples of types of acculturation include voluntary and involuntary assimilation.^[7]

Assimilation can also involve so-called additive assimilation^[8] or additive acculturation wherein, instead of replacing an ancestral culture, individuals or groups expand their existing cultural repertoire.^[5]

^ ^a ^b Spielberger, Charles (2004). Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. New York: Academic Press. pp. 615. ISBN 9780126574104.
^ "Cultural Assimilation" (PDF).
^ "assimilationism". Dictionary.com. Rock Holdings.
^ "Cultural Assimilation". Archived from the original on June 21, 2021.
^ ^a ^b Abe, David K. (2017-07-19). Rural Isolation and Dual Cultural Existence: The Japanese-American Kona Coffee Community. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9783319553023.
^ Carter, Prudence L. (2005-09-15). Keepin' It Real: School Success Beyond Black and White. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199883387.
^ Cite error: The named reference :02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ May, Stephen (2012) [2011]. Language and Minority Rights: Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Politics of Language (2, revised ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 346. ISBN 9780805863079. Retrieved 27 March 2025. Barry does allow that the acquisition of a new identity may not require completely dispensing with the old one. He describes this process as one of 'additive assimilation' (2001: 81). However, he tends to associate this with overtly multinational states, such as Switzerland or Britain. And certainly [...] it remains for him the exception, rather than the rule.