Cultural feminism

Cultural feminism is a term used to describe a variety of feminism that attempts to revalue and redefine attributes culturally ascribed to femaleness.^[1]^[2] It is also used to describe theories that commend innate differences between women and men.^[3]

Cultural feminists diverged from radical feminists when they rejected the problematization of femininity and returned to an essentialist view of gender differences in which they regard "female nature" as superior.^[1]^[4]^[5]

^ ^a ^b Alcoff, Linda (1988). "Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory". Signs. 13 (3): 405–436. ISSN 0097-9740. Cultural feminism is the ideology of a female nature or female essence reappropriated by feminists themselves in an effort to re-validate undervalued female attributes. For cultural feminists, the enemy of women is not merely a social system or economic institution or set of backward beliefs but masculinity itself and in some cases male biology.
^ Tong, Rosemarie (2009). "Radical Feminism: Libertarian and Cultural Perspectives". Feminist thought: a more comprehensive introduction (3rd ed.). Boulder, Colo: Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-4375-4.
^ Kramarae, Cheris; Spender, Dale (2000). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. New York: Routledge. p. 746. ISBN 978-0415920902.
^ Echols, Alice (1983). "Cultural Feminism: Feminist Capitalism and the Anti-Pornography Movement". Social Text (7): 34–53. doi:10.2307/466453. ISSN 0164-2472. JSTOR 466453.
^ Evans, Judy (1995). "Cultural Feminism: Feminism's First Difference". Feminist Theory Today : an Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism. SAGE Publications. p. 73. ISBN 9781446264935. OCLC 874319830.

[Alcoff-1] Alcoff, Linda (1988). "Cultural Feminism versus Post-Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory". Signs. 13 (3): 405–436. ISSN 0097-9740. Cultural feminism is the ideology of a female nature or female essence reappropriated by feminists themselves in an effort to re-validate undervalued female attributes. For cultural feminists, the enemy of women is not merely a social system or economic institution or set of backward beliefs but masculinity itself and in some cases male biology.

[:0-2] Tong, Rosemarie (2009). "Radical Feminism: Libertarian and Cultural Perspectives". Feminist thought: a more comprehensive introduction (3rd ed.). Boulder, Colo: Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-4375-4.

[Kramarae-3] Kramarae, Cheris; Spender, Dale (2000). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge. New York: Routledge. p. 746. ISBN 978-0415920902.

[:4-4] Echols, Alice (1983). "Cultural Feminism: Feminist Capitalism and the Anti-Pornography Movement". Social Text (7): 34–53. doi:10.2307/466453. ISSN 0164-2472. JSTOR 466453.

[5] Evans, Judy (1995). "Cultural Feminism: Feminism's First Difference". Feminist Theory Today : an Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism. SAGE Publications. p. 73. ISBN 9781446264935. OCLC 874319830.

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