Cutaneous respiration

Cutaneous respiration, or cutaneous gas exchange (sometimes called, skin breathing),^[1] is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs. Cutaneous respiration may be the sole method of gas exchange, or may accompany other forms, such as ventilation. Cutaneous respiration occurs in a wide variety of organisms, including insects, amphibians, fish, sea snakes, turtles, and to a lesser extent in mammals.

^ Tattersall, Glenn J. (2007), Aird, William C. (ed.), "Skin Breathing in Amphibians", Endothelial Biomedicine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–91, ISBN 978-0-521-85376-7, retrieved 2021-03-16

[1] Tattersall, Glenn J. (2007), Aird, William C. (ed.), "Skin Breathing in Amphibians", Endothelial Biomedicine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–91, ISBN 978-0-521-85376-7, retrieved 2021-03-16

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