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Demographics of the Soviet Union

Demographics of the Soviet Union
Population pyramid of the Soviet Union as of 1989
PopulationIncrease 285,742,511 (January 1989)[1]
Growth rateIncrease 0.7% (1990)[2]
Birth rateDecrease 18 births/1,000 population (1990)[2]
Death rateNegative increase 10 deaths/1,000 population (1990)[2]
Life expectancyDecrease 69.5 years (1988)[3]
 • maleDecrease 65 years (1990)[2]
 • femaleDecrease 74 years (1990)[2]
Fertility rateDecrease 2.4 (1990)[2]
Infant mortality rateNegative increase 24 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)[2]
Net migration rateIncrease 1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[2]
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Soviet(s) adjective: Soviet
Major ethnicRussians (50.8%)[4]
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialRussian[a]
SpokenLanguages of the Soviet Union
Demographic distribution of the population within the Soviet Union in 1974
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1920 136,800,000—    
1926 147,027,915+1.21%
1937 162,039,470+0.89%
1939 170,557,093+2.59%
1940 194,077,000+13.79%
1950 178,547,000−0.83%
1959 208,826,650+1.76%
1970 241,720,134+1.34%
1979 262,084,654+0.90%
1989 285,742,511+0.87%
Source:[5][6][b][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Demographic features of the population of the Soviet Union include vital statistics, ethnicity, religious affiliations, education level, health of the populace, and other aspects of the population.

During its existence from 1922 until 1991, the Soviet Union had one of the largest populations in the world. When the last census was taken in 1989, the USSR had the third largest in the world with over 285 million citizens, behind China and India. The former nation was a federal union of national republics, home to hundreds of different ethnicities. By the time the Soviet Union dissolved, Russians were the largest ethnic group by making up nearly 51% of the country.[15] The remaining 49% of Soviet citizens identified with a variety of groups, including Ukrainians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Georgians, Jews, etc.

  1. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "The CIA World Factbook – 1990". 1 June 2005. Archived from the original on 1 June 2005. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Life expectancy at birth in the United States and Soviet Union in select years between 1970 and 1988". Statista. Statista Research Department. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  4. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference gorl was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ КАК ПЕРЕПИСЫВАЛИ ИМПЕРСКИЙ, СОВЕТСКИЙ, РОССИЙСКИЙ НАРОД, The New Times, no. 34, October 18, 2010
  7. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  8. ^ Ye. M. Andreyev, L. Ye. Darsky, and T. L. Kharkova On the trails of the deleted census Originally published in Население Советского Союза. 1922–1991. М.: Наука. 1993. с. 23–29.
  9. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  10. ^ "Urban and rural populations of the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Republic in 1940 and 1955 (in 1,000s)". Statista. Statista Research Department. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  11. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  12. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  13. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  14. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  15. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly – Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".


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