Back تسمم الأسنان بالفلور Arabic Fluoróza Czech Fluorose Danish Zahnfluorose German Fluorosis dental Spanish Fluoroos Estonian فلوئوروزیس دندانی Persian Hammasfluoroosi Finnish Fluorose dentaire French Fluaróis Irish
| Dental fluorosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Mottled enamel[1] |
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| Mild fluorosis: in its usual mildest form, fluorosis appears as opaque white patches on the enamel | |
| Specialty | Dentistry |
Dental fluorosis is a common[2] disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation.[3]
It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel[4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth. The severity of the condition is dependent on the dose, duration, and age of the individual during the exposure.[1] The "very mild" (and most common) form of fluorosis, is characterized by small, opaque, "paper white" areas scattered irregularly over the tooth, covering less than 25% of the tooth surface. In the "mild" form of the disease, these mottled patches can involve up to half of the surface area of the teeth. When fluorosis is moderate, all of the surfaces of the teeth are mottled and teeth may be ground down and brown stains frequently "disfigure" the teeth. Severe fluorosis is characterized by brown discoloration and discrete or confluent pitting; brown stains are widespread and teeth often present a corroded-looking appearance.[1]
People with fluorosis are relatively resistant to dental caries (tooth decay caused by bacteria),[2] although there may be cosmetic concern.[2] In moderate to severe fluorosis, teeth are weakened and suffer permanent physical damage.[5]
- ^ a b c Dean JA (10 August 2015). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent (10th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-323-28746-3.
- ^ a b c Neville BW, Chi AC, Damm DD, Allen CM (13 May 2015). Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 52–54. ISBN 978-1-4557-7052-6.
- ^ Wong MC, Glenny AM, Tsang BW, Lo EC, Worthington HV, Marinho VC (January 2010). "Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (1): CD007693. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007693.pub2. PMC 8078481. PMID 20091645.
- ^ Bergc JH, Slayton RL (26 October 2015). Early Childhood Oral Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-118-79210-0.
- ^ Meiers P. "HT Dean´s epidemiology of Mottled Teeth". The History of Fluorine, Fluoride and Fluoridation. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
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