Back اضطراب تبدد الشخصية Arabic Дереализационно разстройство Bulgarian Trastorn de la despersonalització Catalan Anhwylder Dadbersonoli a Dadwireddu Welsh Trastorno de despersonalización Spanish اختلال زوال شخصیت Persian Trouble de la dépersonnalisation French הפרעת דה-פרסונליזציה HE Դեպերսոնալիզացիոն խանգարում Armenian Gangguan depersonalisasi ID

Depersonalization-derealization disorder

Depersonalization-derealization disorder
Other namesDepersonalization disorder, derealization disorder
SpecialtyPsychiatry, clinical psychology
SymptomsFeeling detached from oneself (depersonalization), feeling detached from one's surroundings (derealization)
Usual onsetAdolescence
DurationEpisodic, chronic
Risk factorschildhood trauma, substance use
TreatmentPsychotherapy
PrognosisUsually positive[1]
Frequency1–2% (general population)[2]

Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPDR, DDD)[3][4] is a mental disorder in which the person has persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and/or derealization. Depersonalization is described as feeling disconnected or detached from one's self. Individuals may report feeling as if they are an outside observer of their own thoughts or body, and often report feeling a loss of control over their thoughts or actions.[5] Derealization is described as detachment from one's surroundings. Individuals experiencing derealization may report perceiving the world around them as foggy, dreamlike, surreal, and/or visually distorted.[5]

Depersonalization-derealization disorder is thought to be caused largely by interpersonal trauma such as early childhood abuse.[6][7] Adverse early childhood experiences, specifically emotional abuse and neglect have been linked to the development of depersonalization symptoms.[8] Feelings of depersonalization and derealization are common from significant stress or panic attacks.[6] Individuals may remain in a depersonalized state for the duration of a typical panic attack. However, in some cases, the dissociated state may last for hours, days, weeks, or even months at a time.[9] In rare cases, symptoms of a single episode can last for years.[10]

Diagnostic criteria for depersonalization-derealization disorder includes persistent or recurrent feelings of detachment from one's mental or bodily processes or from one's surroundings.[11] A diagnosis is made when the dissociation is persistent, interferes with the social or occupational functions of daily life, and/or causes marked distress in the patient.[3]

While depersonalization-derealization disorder was once considered rare, lifetime experiences with it occur in about 1–2% of the general population.[12] The chronic form of the disorder has a reported prevalence of 0.8 to 1.9%.[13][14] While brief episodes of depersonalization or derealization can be common in the general population, the disorder is only diagnosed when these symptoms cause substantial distress or impair social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.[15]

  1. ^ "Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder". Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  2. ^ Hunter, EC; Sierra, M; David, AS (January 2004). "The epidemiology of depersonalisation and derealisation. A systematic review". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 39 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0701-4. PMID 15022041. S2CID 31285190.
  3. ^ a b Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 302–306. ISBN 9780890425541.
  4. ^ "ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Depersonalization derealization disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis". Archived from the original on 18 May 2015.
  6. ^ a b Simeon, D (2004). "Depersonalisation disorder: a contemporary overview". CNS Drugs. 18 (6): 343–54. doi:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00002. PMID 15089102. S2CID 18506672.
  7. ^ Simeon, Daphne; Guralnik, Orna; Schmeidler, James; Sirof, Beth; Knutelska, Margaret (July 2001). "The Role of Childhood Interpersonal Trauma in Depersonalization Disorder". American Journal of Psychiatry. 158 (7): 1027–1033. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1027. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 11431223. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  8. ^ Thomson, Paula; Jaque, S. Victoria (15 March 2018). "Depersonalization, adversity, emotionality, and coping with stressful situations". Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 19 (2): 143–161. doi:10.1080/15299732.2017.1329770. ISSN 1529-9732. PMID 28509616. S2CID 3431258. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  9. ^ "Depersonalization-derealization disorder - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  10. ^ Sierra, Mauricio (1 January 2008). "Depersonalization disorder: pharmacological approaches". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 8 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1586/14737175.8.1.19. ISSN 1473-7175. PMID 18088198. S2CID 22180718. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference DSM-IV_300.6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Hürlimann, F; Kupferschmid, S; Simon, AE (2012). "Cannabis-induced depersonalization disorder in adolescence". Neuropsychobiology. 65 (3): 141–6. doi:10.1159/000334605. PMID 22378193. S2CID 30668662. Although depersonalization disorder has a low prevalence, with a reported prevalence ranging from 0.8 to 1.9%
  14. ^ Blevins, Christy A.; Weathers, Frank W.; Mason, Elizabeth A. (1 October 2012). "Construct Validity of Three Depersonalization Measures in Trauma-Exposed College Students". Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 13 (5): 539–553. doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.678470. PMID 22989242. S2CID 9683966.
  15. ^ Sierra, Mauricio; Medford, Nick; Wyatt, Geddes; David, Anthony S. (1 May 2012). "Depersonalization disorder and anxiety: A special relationship?". Psychiatry Research. 197 (1–2): 123–127. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.017. PMID 22414660. S2CID 7108552.

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