Back التهاب العضلات والجلد Arabic Dermatomiozit Azerbaijani Dermatomiositis Catalan Dermatomyositis German Δερματομυοσίτιδα Greek Dermatomiositis Spanish Dermatomiositis Basque درماتومیوزیت Persian Dermatomyosite French דרמטומיוזיטיס HE

Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis
Discrete red areas overlying the knuckles in a person with juvenile dermatomyositis. These are known as Gottron's papules.
SpecialtyRheumatology
SymptomsRash, muscle weakness, weight loss, fever[1]
ComplicationsCalcinosis, lung inflammation, heart disease[1][2]
Usual onset40s to 50s[3]
DurationLong term[1]
CausesUnknown[1]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, blood tests, electromyography, muscle biopsies[3]
Differential diagnosisPolymyositis, inclusion body myositis, scleroderma[3]
TreatmentMedication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, orthotics, assistive devices, rest[1]
MedicationCorticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine[1]
Frequency~ 1 per 100,000 people per year[3]

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory disorder which affects the skin and the muscles.[1] Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness over time.[1] These may occur suddenly or develop over months.[1] Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity.[1] Complications may include calcium deposits in muscles or skin.[1]

The cause is unknown.[1] Theories include that it is an autoimmune disease or a result of a viral infection.[1] Dermatomyositis may develop as a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with several forms of malignancy.[4] It is a type of inflammatory myopathy.[1] Diagnosis is typically based on some combination of symptoms, blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsies.[3]

Eighty percent of adults with adult-onset dermatomyositis have a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).[5]

Sixty percent of children with juvenile dermatomyositis have a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).[6]

Although no cure for the condition is known, treatments generally improve symptoms.[1] Treatments may include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, orthotics, and assistive devices, and rest.[1] Medications in the corticosteroids family are typically used with other agents such as methotrexate or azathioprine recommended if steroids are not working well.[1] Intravenous immunoglobulin may also improve outcomes.[1] Most people improve with treatment and in some, the condition resolves completely.[1]

About one per 100,000 people per year are newly affected.[3] The condition usually occurs in those in their 40s and 50s with women being affected more often than men.[3] People of any age, however, may be affected.[3] The condition was first described in the 1800s.[7]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Dermatomyositis". GARD. 2017. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cal2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Dermatomyositis". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  4. ^ Tudorancea AD, Ciurea PL, Vreju AF, Turcu-Stiolica A, Gofita CE, Criveanu C, Musetescu AE, Dinescu SC (July 2021). "A Study on Dermatomyositis and the Relation to Malignancy". Current Health Sciences Journal. 47 (3): 377–382. doi:10.12865/CHSJ.47.03.07. PMC 8679146. PMID 35003769.
  5. ^ Tansley SL, McHugh NJ, Wedderburn LR (2013). "Adult and juvenile dermatomyositis: are the distinct clinical features explained by our current understanding of serological subgroups and pathogenic mechanisms?". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 15 (2): 211. doi:10.1186/ar4198. PMC 3672700. PMID 23566358. Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) can now be identified in 80% of adults.
  6. ^ Papadopoulou C, Chew C, Wilkinson MG, McCann L, Wedderburn LR (June 2023). "Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myositis: an update on pathophysiology and clinical care". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 19 (6): 343–362. doi:10.1038/s41584-023-00967-9. PMC 10184643. PMID 37188756. Approximately 60% of patients with JDM are positive for a myositis-specific antibody (MSA).
  7. ^ "History of Dermatomyositis". Dermatomyositis. 2009. pp. 5–8. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79313-7_2. ISBN 978-3-540-79312-0.

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