Diazoxide

Diazoxide
Clinical data
Trade names	Proglycem
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Diazoxide;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intravenous
ATC code	C02DA01 (WHO) V03AH01 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only; UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	90%
Metabolism	Liver oxidation and sulfate conjugation
Elimination half-life	21-45 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-Chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide;
CAS Number	364-98-7 ;
PubChem CID	3019;
IUPHAR/BPS	2409;
DrugBank	DB01119 ;
ChemSpider	2911 ;
UNII	O5CB12L4FN;
KEGG	D00294 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4495 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL181 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7022914 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.006.063
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C8H7ClN2O2S
Molar mass	230.67 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	330 to 331 °C (626 to 628 °F)
	SMILES Clc1ccc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C(\N2)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11) ; Key:GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Diazoxide, sold under the brand name Proglycem and others, is a medication used to treat low blood sugar due to a number of specific causes.^[2] This includes islet cell tumors that cannot be removed and leucine sensitivity.^[2] It can also be used in refractory cases of sulfonylurea toxicity.^[3] It is generally taken by mouth.^[2]

Common side effects include high blood sugar, fluid retention, low blood platelets, a fast heart rate, increased hair growth, and nausea.^[2] Other severe side effects include pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.^[2] It is chemically similar to thiazide diuretics.^[2] It works by decreasing insulin release from the pancreas and increasing glucose release by the liver.^[2]

Diazoxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1973.^[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[4]^[5] It is available as a generic medication.^[6]

^ "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Diazoxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
^ Doyle ME, Egan JM (March 2003). "Pharmacological agents that directly modulate insulin secretion". Pharmacological Reviews. 55 (1): 105–131. doi:10.1124/pr.55.1.7. PMID 12615955. S2CID 11121340.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 708. ISBN 9780857113382.

[1] "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2024.

[AHFS2019-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Diazoxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.

[Review2003-3] Doyle ME, Egan JM (March 2003). "Pharmacological agents that directly modulate insulin secretion". Pharmacological Reviews. 55 (1): 105–131. doi:10.1124/pr.55.1.7. PMID 12615955. S2CID 11121340.

[WHO21st-4] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[WHO22nd-5] World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.

[BNF76-6] British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 708. ISBN 9780857113382.

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