Didymus the Musician

Didymus the Musician (Greek: Δίδυμος) was a music theorist in Rome of the end of the 1st century BC or beginning of the 1st century AD, who combined elements of earlier theoretical approaches with an appreciation of the aspect of performance. Formerly assumed to be identical with the Alexandrian grammarian and lexicographer Didymus Chalcenterus, because Ptolemy and Porphyry referred to him as Didymus ho mousikos (the musician), classical scholars now believe that this Didymus was a younger grammarian and musician working in Rome at the time of Emperor Nero.^[1] He was a predecessor of Ptolemy at the library of Alexandria. According to Andrew Barker,^[2] his intention was to revive and produce contemporary performances of the music of Greek antiquity. The syntonic comma of ⁠ 81 / 80 ⁠ ≅ 21.506 cents is sometimes called the comma of Didymus after him.^[1]

Among his works was On the Difference between the Aristoxenians and the Pythagoreans (Περὶ τῆς διαφορᾶς τῶν Ἀριστοξενείων τε καὶ Πυθαγορείων).