Difference feminism

Difference feminism is a term developed during the equality-versus-difference debate^[1] in American feminism to describe the view that men and women are different, but that no value judgment can be placed upon them and both sexes have equal moral status as persons.^[2]

Most strains of difference feminism did not argue that there was a biological, inherent, ahistorical, or otherwise "essential" link between womanhood and traditionally feminine values, habits of mind (often called "ways of knowing"^[3]), or personality traits.^[4] These feminists simply sought to recognize that, in the present, women and men are significantly different and to explore the devalued "feminine" characteristics.^[5] This variety of difference feminism is also called gender feminism.^[6]^[7]

However, some forms of difference feminism – such as Mary Daly's cultural feminism – argue that women and their values are superior to those of men.^[5]^[8] There is ongoing debate about whether Daly's feminism is essentialist.^[8]^[9]

^ Scott, Joan (1988). "Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, the Uses of Post-structuralist Theory for Feminism". Feminist Studies. 14 (1): 33–50. doi:10.2307/3177997. hdl:2027/spo.0499697.0014.104. JSTOR 3177997.
^ "Carol Gilligan". Psychology's Feminist Voices. Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2017-05-10.
^ Schiebinger, Londa (2000). "Has Feminism Changed Science?". Signs. 25 (4): 1171–1175. doi:10.1086/495540. PMID 17089478. S2CID 225088475.
^ Grande Jensen, Pamela. Finding a New Feminism: Rethinking the Woman Question for Liberal Democracy. p. 2 footnote 4.
^ ^a ^b Tandon, Neeru. Feminism: A Paradigm Shift. p. 68.
^ Fowler, Robert Booth (1999). Enduring Liberalism: American Political Thought Since the 1960s. University Press of Kansas. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-70-060974-1.
^ Ford, Lynne E. (2008). Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. New York: Facts on File. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-81-605491-6.
^ ^a ^b Sandilands, Catriona (1999). The Good-Natured Feminist Ecofeminism and the Quest for Democracy. pp. chapter 5: "Cyborgs and Queers".
^ Hoagland, Sarah Lucia; Frye, Marilyn, eds. (2000). Feminist interpretations of Mary Daly. Re-reading the canon. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University. ISBN 978-0-271-02018-1.

[auto-1] Scott, Joan (1988). "Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, the Uses of Post-structuralist Theory for Feminism". Feminist Studies. 14 (1): 33–50. doi:10.2307/3177997. hdl:2027/spo.0499697.0014.104. JSTOR 3177997.

[2] "Carol Gilligan". Psychology's Feminist Voices. Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2017-05-10.

[auto1-3] Schiebinger, Londa (2000). "Has Feminism Changed Science?". Signs. 25 (4): 1171–1175. doi:10.1086/495540. PMID 17089478. S2CID 225088475.

[4] Grande Jensen, Pamela. Finding a New Feminism: Rethinking the Woman Question for Liberal Democracy. p. 2 footnote 4.

[auto2-5] Tandon, Neeru. Feminism: A Paradigm Shift. p. 68.

[Fowler-6] Fowler, Robert Booth (1999). Enduring Liberalism: American Political Thought Since the 1960s. University Press of Kansas. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-70-060974-1.

[Ford-7] Ford, Lynne E. (2008). Encyclopedia of Women and American Politics. New York: Facts on File. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-81-605491-6.

[:1-8] Sandilands, Catriona (1999). The Good-Natured Feminist Ecofeminism and the Quest for Democracy. pp. chapter 5: "Cyborgs and Queers".

[9] Hoagland, Sarah Lucia; Frye, Marilyn, eds. (2000). Feminist interpretations of Mary Daly. Re-reading the canon. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University. ISBN 978-0-271-02018-1.

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