Back اعتلال عضلة القلب التوسعي Arabic CMD1K BS Miocardiopatia dilatada Catalan Dilatační kardiomyopatie Czech Dilatative Kardiomyopathie German Miocardiopatía dilatada Spanish Cardiomyopathie dilatée French Miocardiopatía dilatada Galician קרדיומיופתיה מורחבת HE Dilatatív kardiomiopátia Hungarian

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy
Other namesCongestive cardiomyopathy,
idiopathic cardiomyopathy,
primary cardiomyopathy[1]
Mouse heart slice showing dilated cardiomyopathy
SpecialtyCardiology
SymptomsFeeling tired, leg swelling, shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting[2]
ComplicationsHeart failure, heart valve disease, irregular heartbeat[3][4]
Usual onsetMiddle age[5]
TypesTachycardia-induced,[6][7] others
CausesGenetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, in many cases the cause remains unclear, certain infections[8][9][7]
Diagnostic methodSupported by electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiogram[9]
Differential diagnosisCoronary artery disease, heart valve disease, pulmonary embolism, other cardiomyopathy[5]
TreatmentLifestyle changes, medications, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), heart transplant[9]
MedicationACE inhibitor, beta blocker, diuretic, blood thinners[9]
PrognosisFive-year survival rate ~50%[9]
Frequency1 in 2500[9]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively.[3] Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath.[2] It may also result in chest pain or fainting.[2] Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat.[3][4]

Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections.[8][9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.[5][8] In many cases the cause remains unclear.[8] It is a type of cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that primarily affects the heart muscle.[3] The diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, or echocardiogram.[9]

In those with heart failure, treatment may include medications in the ACE inhibitor, beta blocker, and diuretic families.[9] A low salt diet may also be helpful.[5] In those with certain types of irregular heartbeat, blood thinners or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator may be recommended. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be necessary.[9] If other measures are not effective a heart transplant may be an option in some.[9]

About 1 per 2,500 people is affected.[9] It occurs more frequently in men than women.[10] Onset is most often in middle age.[5] Five-year survival rate is about 50%.[9] It can also occur in children and is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in this age group.[9]

  1. ^ "Other Names for Cardiomyopathy". NHLBI. June 22, 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  2. ^ a b c "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "What Is Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Types of Cardiomyopathy". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e Ferri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-323-52957-0.
  6. ^ Pérez-Silva A, Merino JL (March 2009). "Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy". e-Journal of Cardiology Practice. 17: 16. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a reversible cause of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in all patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy of uncertain origin and who have tachycardia or atrial fibrillation with a fast ventricular rate.
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Tachy2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d "What Causes Cardiomyopathy?". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P (July 2017). "Dilated cardiomyopathy". Lancet. 390 (10092): 400–414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31713-5. PMID 28190577. S2CID 46801202.
  10. ^ "Who Is at Risk for Cardiomyopathy? - NHLBI, NIH". NHLBI. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

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