Disulfiram

Disulfiram
Clinical data
Trade names	Antabuse, Antabus, other
Other names	tetraethyldisulfanedicarbothioamide; 1-(Diethylthiocarbamoyldisulfanyl)-N,N-diethyl-methanethioamide
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682602
Pregnancy; category	AU: B2; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, subdermal implant
ATC code	N07BB01 (WHO) P03AA04 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S6 (Poison) / S4; BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: WARNINGRx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Liver to diethylthiocarbamate
Elimination half-life	60–120 hours
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1,1′-disulfanediylbis(N,N-diethylmethanethioamide);
CAS Number	97-77-8 ;
PubChem CID	3117;
IUPHAR/BPS	7168;
DrugBank	DB00822 ;
ChemSpider	3005 ;
UNII	TR3MLJ1UAI;
KEGG	D00131 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4659 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL964 ;
NIAID ChemDB	010293;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1021322 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.371
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C10H20N2S4
Molar mass	296.52 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C10H20N2S4/c1-5-11(6-2)9(13)15-16-10(14)12(7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3 ; Key:AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption. Disulfiram plus alcohol, even small amounts, produces flushing, throbbing in the head and neck, a throbbing headache, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, fast heart rate, low blood pressure, fainting, marked uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, and confusion. In severe reactions there may be respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack, acute congestive heart failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death.^[3]

In the body, alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde, which is then broken down by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. When the dehydrogenase enzyme is inhibited, acetaldehyde builds up, causing unpleasant side effects (Disulfiram-alcohol reaction). Disulfiram should be used in conjunction with counseling and support.^{[citation needed]}

^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ "Antabuse – disulifram tablet". DailyMed. National Institutes of Health. May 23, 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.

[FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1] "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.

[2] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[nih-3] "Antabuse – disulifram tablet". DailyMed. National Institutes of Health. May 23, 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.

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