Back Ditylenchus dipsaci Catalan Ditylenchus dipsaci CEB Háďátko zhoubné Czech Stängelälchen German کرم لولهای ساقه و پیاز Persian Apila-ankeroinen Finnish Anguillule des céréales et des bulbes French Ditylenchus dipsaci Italian Žemuoginis stiebinis nematodas Lithuanian Stengelaaltje Dutch
| Stem and bulb nematode | |
|---|---|
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| Ditylenchus dipsaci on ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Secernentea |
| Order: | Tylenchida |
| Family: | Anguinidae |
| Genus: | Ditylenchus |
| Species: | D. dipsaci
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Ditylenchus dipsaci is a plant pathogenic nematode that primarily infects onion and garlic.[2] It is commonly known as the stem nematode, the stem and bulb eelworm, or onion bloat (in the United Kingdom).[3][4] Symptoms of infection include stunted growth, discoloration of bulbs, and swollen stems. D. dipsaci is a migratory endoparasite that has a five-stage lifecycle and the ability to enter into a dormancy stage. D. dipsaci enters through stomata or plant wounds and creates galls or malformations in plant growth. This allows for the entrance of secondary pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. Management of disease is maintained through seed sanitation, heat treatment, crop rotation, and fumigation of fields. D. dipsaci is economically detrimental because infected crops are unmarketable.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
- ^ "Ditylenchus dipsaci". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved July 30, 2007.
- ^ Aftalion B., Cohn E. Characterization of two races of stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dispaci) in Israel, 1990. 18: 229-232
- ^ Ditylenchus dipsaci Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine at European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- ^ Ditylenchus dipsaci Archived 2015-04-22 at the Wayback Machine at Nemaplex, University of California
- ^ Willmer, Colin; Fricker, Mark (1996), "The distribution of stomata", Stomata, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 12–35, doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0579-8_2, ISBN 978-94-010-4256-7, retrieved 2023-10-09
- ^ "Endoparasite", Encyclopedia of Parasitology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008, p. 452, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48996-2_1045, ISBN 978-3-540-48994-8, retrieved 2023-10-09
- ^ van Leeuwen, Florian; Jaeger, Bastian (2021-03-31). "Pathogen disgust sensitivity: Individual differences in pathogen perception or pathogen avoidance?". doi:10.31234/osf.io/k26hg. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
- ^ "Stabilizing Fumigation", Sulphuric Utopias, The MIT Press, 2020, doi:10.7551/mitpress/12437.003.0009, ISBN 9780262358194, retrieved 2023-10-09
- ^ McDonald, Mary Ruth; Ives, Lilieth; Adusei-Fosu, Kwasi; Jordan, Katerina S. (2021). "Ditylenchus dipsaci and Fusarium oxysporum on garlic: one plus one does not equal two". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 43 (5): 749–759. doi:10.1080/07060661.2021.1910345. Retrieved 2023-10-09.
- ^ NEMENYI, R. (1984), "Heat-treatment Furnaces and Heat-treatment Processes", Controlled Atmospheres for Heat Treatment, Elsevier, pp. 103–149, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-019883-5.50015-4, ISBN 9780080198835, retrieved 2023-10-09
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