A doge (/doʊdʒ/ DOHJ,[1] Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges; see below) was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states were referred to as "crowned republics". Doges wore a special hat, the Corno ducale and usually ruled life-long.
The office of the doge in English is termed a dogeship.[2]
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