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Dysphagia

Not to be confused with Dysphasia.
Dysphagia
The digestive tract, with the esophagus marked in red
SpecialtyGastroenterology, Phoniatrics
SymptomsInability or difficulty swallowing
ComplicationsPulmonary aspiration, malnutrition, starvation
CausesEsophageal cancer, Esophagitis, Stomach cancer, mental illness, alcoholism, refeeding syndrome, starvation, infection, gastritis, malnutrition

Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing.[1][2] Although classified under "symptoms and signs" in ICD-10,[3] in some contexts it is classified as a condition in its own right.[4][5][6]

It may be a sensation that suggests difficulty in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach,[7] a lack of pharyngeal sensation or various other inadequacies of the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing,[8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together. A psychogenic dysphagia is known as phagophobia.[9]

  1. ^ Smithard DG, Smeeton NC, Wolfe CD (January 2007). "Long-term outcome after stroke: does dysphagia matter?". Age and Ageing. 36 (1): 90–94. doi:10.1093/ageing/afl149. PMID 17172601.
  2. ^ Brady A (January 2008). "Managing the patient with dysphagia". Home Healthcare Nurse. 26 (1): 41–46, quiz 47–48. doi:10.1097/01.NHH.0000305554.40220.6d. PMID 18158492. S2CID 11420756.
  3. ^ "ICD-10". Retrieved 23 February 2008.
  4. ^ Boczko F (November 2006). "Patients' awareness of symptoms of dysphagia". Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 7 (9): 587–90. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2006.08.002. PMID 17095424.
  5. ^ "Dysphagia". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 9 July 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  6. ^ "Swallowing Disorders - Symptoms of Dysphagia". New York University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
  7. ^ Sleisenger MH, Feldman M, Friedman LM (2002). Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease, 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. pp. Chapter 6, p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7216-0010-9.
  8. ^ "Dysphagia". University of Texas Medical Branch. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
  9. ^ Franko, Debra L.; Shapiro, Jo; Gagne, Adele (1997). "Phagophobia: A form of Psychogenic Dysphagia a New Entity". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 106 (4). SAGE Publications: 286–290. doi:10.1177/000348949710600404. ISSN 0003-4894. PMID 9109717. S2CID 22215557.

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