E (state)

State of E 鄂
c. 12th century BCE–863 BCE
State of E as a territory of the Zhou Dynasty, near the South
Status	Monarchy
Capital	Xiangning County Nanyang, Henan Province Ezhou, Hubei Province
Religion	Chinese folk religion, Ancestor worship
History
• Established	c. 12th century BCE
• Disestablished	863 BCE
Currency	Spade money
Preceded by Succeeded by Zhou Dynasty Warring States period Chu (state) Qin Dynasty

The State of E (IPA: /ɤ̂/), whose Middle and Old Chinese name has been reconstructed as Ngak (IPA: /ŋˤak/),^[1] was an ancient Chinese state in the area of present-day Henan and Hubei in China from around the 12th century BCE until its overthrow in 863 BCE. It was a vassal of the Shang state and its ruler was one of the Three Ducal Ministers appointed by Dixin of Shang, who is known pejoratively as King Zhou of Shang.^[2]

E was originally located in the southern part of the modern province of Henan^[3] but later moved to Hubei. Its name is now used as the provincial abbreviation for Hubei.