East Timor genocide

East Timor Genocide
East Timor Genocide
Part of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
	Cemetery in Santa Cruz visited in memory of the victims of the Indonesian Army's brutality
Location	East Timor province, Indonesia
Date	Occupation lasted from 1975 to 1999, though much of the killing occurred in the 1970s
Target	East Timorese civilians
Attack type	Forced disappearance, genocidal massacre, reprisal, scorched earth, enforced starvation, state terrorism, mass rape, internment, torture
Deaths	apr. 80,000 – 200,000 per UN ; (estimate ranges from 60,000 to 308,000)
Perpetrators	Government of Indonesia Indonesian army; Indonesian collaborators;
Motive	Forced capitulation of the East Timorese people to Indonesian authority, Greater Indonesia, Christophobia, expansionism, anti-communism

The East Timor genocide refers to the "pacification campaigns" of state terrorism between 1975 and 1999 waged by the Indonesian New Order government during the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor. The majority of sources consider the Indonesian killings in East Timor to constitute genocide,^[6]^[7]^[8] while other scholars disagree on certain aspects of the definition.^[9]^[10] Estimates of deaths attributed to the genocide range from 60,000 to 308,000.

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^ Cite error: The named reference Chega deaths was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference CAVR Brief was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference hidagen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta Method: Washington's Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World. PublicAffairs. p. 213. ISBN 978-1541742406. When East Timor gained its independence, Suharto claimed he was threatened by communism on his borders.
^ Payaslian, Simon. "20th Century Genocides". Oxford bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
^ Sidell, Scott (1981). "The United States and genocide in East Timor". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 11 (1): 44–61. doi:10.1080/00472338185390041.
^ Kiernan, Ben (January 2003). "War, Genocide, and Resistance in East Timor, 1975-99: Comparative Reflections on Cambodia". In Selden, Mark; So, Alvin Y. (eds.). War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4175-0350-6. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
^ Saul, Ben (2001). "Was the Conflict in the East Timor 'Genocide' and Why Does it Matter?" (PDF). Melbourne Journal of International Law. 2 (2): 477–. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
^ Lisson, David (2007). "Defining National Group in the Genocide Convention: A Case Study of Timor-Leste". Stanford Law Review. 60: 1459.

[Chega_deaths-2] Cite error: The named reference Chega deaths was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[CAVR_Brief-3] Cite error: The named reference CAVR Brief was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:0-5] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[hidagen-6] Cite error: The named reference hidagen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta Method: Washington's Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World. PublicAffairs. p. 213. ISBN 978-1541742406. When East Timor gained its independence, Suharto claimed he was threatened by communism on his borders.

[Payaslian-8] Payaslian, Simon. "20th Century Genocides". Oxford bibliographies. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

[9] Sidell, Scott (1981). "The United States and genocide in East Timor". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 11 (1): 44–61. doi:10.1080/00472338185390041.

[10] Kiernan, Ben (January 2003). "War, Genocide, and Resistance in East Timor, 1975-99: Comparative Reflections on Cambodia". In Selden, Mark; So, Alvin Y. (eds.). War and State Terrorism: The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4175-0350-6. Retrieved 31 March 2023.

[11] Saul, Ben (2001). "Was the Conflict in the East Timor 'Genocide' and Why Does it Matter?" (PDF). Melbourne Journal of International Law. 2 (2): 477–. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.

[12] Lisson, David (2007). "Defining National Group in the Genocide Convention: A Case Study of Timor-Leste". Stanford Law Review. 60: 1459.

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