Education in Indonesia

Education in Indonesia

Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Ministry of Religious Affairs
Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Minister of Religious Affairs	Nadiem Makarim Yaqut Cholil Qoumas
National education budget (2017)
Budget	IDR 416.1 trillion USD 31.2 billion
General details
Primary languages	Indonesian
System type	Curriculum
Merdeka Curriculum	4 February 2022
Literacy (2018)
Total	95.66%[1]
Male	97.33%[1]
Female	93.99%[1]
Enrollment (2018)
Total	(N/A)
Primary	93.5%[1]
Secondary	78.73%[1]
Post secondary	36.31%[1]

Education in Indonesia falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi or Kemdikbudristek) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kementerian Agama or Kemenag). In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake twelve years of compulsory education which consists of six years at elementary level and three each at middle and high school levels. Islamic, Christian and Buddhist schools are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Education is defined as a planned effort to establish a study environment and educational process so that the student may actively develop their own potential in religious and spiritual level, consciousness, personality, intelligence, behaviour and creativity to themselves, other citizens and the nation. The Constitution also notes that there are two types of education in Indonesia: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Schools in Indonesia are run either by the government (negeri) or private sectors (swasta). Some private schools refer to themselves as "national plus schools" which means that their curriculum exceeds requirements set by the Ministry of Education, especially with the use of English as medium of instruction or having an international-based curriculum instead of the national one. In Indonesia there are approximately 170,000 primary schools, 40,000 junior-secondary schools and 26,000 high schools. 84 percent of these schools are under the Ministry of Education and Culture and the remaining 16 percent under the Ministry of Religious Affairs.