Ekaterina II-class battleship

Chesma, showing both forward barbettes
Class overview
Name	Ekaterina II class
Builders	RoPIT, Sevastopol Admiralty, Nikolayev
Operators	Imperial Russian Navy
Succeeded by	Imperator Aleksandr II class
Subclasses	Georgii Pobedonosets
Built	1883–94
In commission	1889–1919
Completed	4
Scrapped	4
General characteristics
Type	Battleship
Displacement	11,050–11,396 long tons (11,227–11,579 t)
Length	339 ft 3 in (103.40 m)
Beam	68 ft 11 in (21.01 m)
Draft	27.92–28.83 ft (8.51–8.79 m)
Installed power	14 or 16 cylindrical boilers 9,000 ihp (6,711 kW)
Propulsion	2 shafts; 2 compound or triple-expansion steam engines
Speed	15–16.5 knots (27.8–30.6 km/h; 17.3–19.0 mph)
Range	2,800 nmi (5,200 km; 3,200 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement	633–642
Armament	3 × twin 12 in (305 mm) guns 7 × single 6 in (152 mm) guns 8 × single 47 mm (1.9 in) 5-barrel revolving Hotchkiss guns 4 × single 37 mm (1.5 in) 5-barrel revolving Hotchkiss guns 7 × single 14 in (360 mm) torpedo tubes
Armor	Belt: 8–16 in (203–406 mm) Redoubt: 12 in (300 mm) Decks: 2–2.5 in (51–64 mm) Gun shields: 2–3 in (51–76 mm)

The Ekaterina II class were a class of four battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1880s; the first such ships built for the Black Sea Fleet. Their design was highly unusual in having the main guns on three barbettes grouped in a triangle around a central armored redoubt, two side-by-side forward and one on the centerline aft. This was intended to maximize their firepower forward, both when operating in the narrow waters of the Bosphorus and when ramming. Construction was slow because they were the largest warships built until then in the Black Sea, and the shipyards had to be upgraded to handle them.

All four ships were in Sevastopol when the crew of the battleship Potemkin mutinied in June 1905.^[a] Ekaterina II's crew was considered unreliable, and she was disabled to prevent her from joining the mutiny. Chesma's crew was also considered unreliable, but she did escort Potemkin as Sinop towed her back to Sevastopol from Constanța, Romania, where Potemkin's crew had sought asylum. Sinop and Georgii Pobedonosets both pursued Potemkin to Odessa, but the crew of the latter mutinied themselves in sympathy with the crew of the Potemkin. However, loyal members of the crew regained control of the ship the next day and grounded her.

A number of proposals were made in the 1900s to reconstruct them and replace their obsolete armor and guns, but none of these were carried out. Ekaterina II and Chesma were both eventually sunk as target ships after being decommissioned in 1907, but both Sinop and Georgii Pobedonosets were converted into artillery training ships before becoming guardships at Sevastopol before World War I. There they spent most of the war and were captured by the Germans in 1918, who eventually turned them over to the British, who sabotaged their engines when they abandoned the Crimea in 1919. Immobile, they were captured by both the Whites and the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. Sinop was abandoned when Wrangel's fleet sailed for Bizerte, but Georgii Pobedonosets was towed there. Sinop was scrapped beginning in 1922 by the Soviets, while Georgii Pobedonosets was eventually scrapped in Bizerte beginning in 1930 by the French.
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