Emirate of Tlemcen | |||||||||||||
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c. 757–790[1][2] | |||||||||||||
Status | Emirate | ||||||||||||
Capital | Tlemcen | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Berber, Arabic | ||||||||||||
Religion | Sufri Islam | ||||||||||||
Government | Emirate, tribal confederacy | ||||||||||||
• Until 790 | Abu Qurra | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Establishment | c. 757 | ||||||||||||
790[1][2] | |||||||||||||
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Today part of | Algeria |
History of Algeria |
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The Ifranid Emirate of Tlemcen[3] or Ifranid Kingdom of Tlemcen,[4][5][6] was a Kharijite state,[7][5] founded by Berbers of the Banu Ifran in the eighth century,[8] with its capital at Tlemcen in modern Algeria.[8]
The Īfranid tribes which emigrated to the central Mag̲h̲rib towards the middle of the 2nd/8th century and remained under the command of Abū Ḳurra al-Īfranī al-Mag̲h̲īlī founded a Ṣufrī state, probably between 140/757-8 and 148/765-6, whose capital became the town of Tlemcen, built by the newcomers on the site of an ancient Roman town. (...) He conducted a long war with ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, probably relying mainly on the Banū Īfran; in the end he died in battle, killed by Aflaḥ, son of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, in about 188/803-4 or shortly afterwards. At that time, the Īfranid state of Abū Ḳurra had already ceased to exist for some years. It seems moreover that control of Tlemcen, which was then inhabited by the Banū Īfran and the Mag̲h̲rāwa, had passed after the death of Abū Ḳurra into the hands of Mag̲h̲rāwa leaders belonging to the dynasty of the Banū K̲h̲azar, this dynasty being destined to play a considerable part in the history of the Mag̲h̲rib. In 173/789-90 (or according to certain historians, in 174/790-1), at the time of the conquest of that country by Idrīs I [q.v.], the founder of the dynasty of the Idrīsids, Muḥammad Ibn K̲h̲azar b. Ṣūlāt, the ruler of the town of Tlemcen, came before the conqueror and, thanks to his prompt submission, obtained security for himself and for all the Zanāta tribes of the central Mag̲h̲rib. It was Sulaymān, brother of Idrīs I and later hereditary ruler of that town, who became the Idrīsid governor of Tlemcen; it seems however that, save for this fact, conditions in the central Mag̲h̲rib were little changed. The Zanāta tribes in the country continued to recognize the supremacy of the Mag̲h̲rāwa, which had long replaced the supremacy of the Banū Īfran.
From the early 770s, however, they lost their leading position amongst the Kharijite tribes in Algeria. Although they retained control of Tilimsan until its conquest in 790 by the Idrisid rulers of Morocco, their authority was eclipsed by that of 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam, the leader whom the Ibadite tribes in Algeria proclaimed as their imam in 776 or 777 (A.H. 160). Thereafter the Banu Ifran, to whom 'AbdulRahman b. Rustam was related through marriage, figured more as allies of the Rustamid rulers than as a politically dominant group.
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