Empress Ma (Hongwu)

Names
	Ma Xiuying (馬秀英)
Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaoci Zhenhua Zheshun Renhui Chengtian Yusheng Zhide Gao (孝慈貞化哲順仁徽成天育聖至德高皇后)

Empress Xiaocigao
孝慈高皇后
Empress Xiaocigao; 孝慈高皇后
Tenure	23 January 1368 – 23 September 1382
Successor	Empress Xiaominrang
Born	18 July 1332; Yuan Zhishun 3, 25th day of the 6th month; (元至順三年六月二十五日); Suzhou
Died	23 September 1382 (aged 50); Ming Hongwu 15, 16th day of the 8th month; (明洪武十五年八月十六日); Yingtian Prefecture, Zhili (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China)
Burial	Xiaoling Mausoleum, Nanjing
Spouse	Hongwu Emperor
Issue	Zhu Biao, Crown Prince Yiwen; Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin; Zhu Gang, Prince Gong of Jin; Yongle Emperor; Zhu Su, Prince Ding of Zhou; Princess Ningguo; Princess Anqing;
Names
Names
	Ma Xiuying (馬秀英)
Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaoci Zhenhua Zheshun Renhui Chengtian Yusheng Zhide Gao (孝慈貞化哲順仁徽成天育聖至德高皇后)
Clan	Ma (馬)
Father	Lord Ma, Prince of Xu (徐王馬公)
Mother	Zheng Ao, Consort of Prince of Xu (徐王夫人鄭媼)

Empress Xiaocigao (Chinese: 孝慈高皇后, 18 July 1332 – 23 September 1382), commonly known as Empress Ma (Chinese: 馬皇后), was a Chinese empress consort of the Ming dynasty, married to the Hongwu Emperor and acting as his political adviser, exerting a large amount of influence during his reign.^[1]

^ Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Sue Wiles (13 March 2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 282–284. ISBN 978-0-7656-4316-2.

[LeeWiles2014-1] Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Sue Wiles (13 March 2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 282–284. ISBN 978-0-7656-4316-2.

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