Entomophagy in humans

Entomophagy in humans or human entomophagy describes the consumption of insects (entomophagy) by humans in a cultural and biological context. The scientific term used in anthropology, cultural studies, biology and medicine is anthropo-entomophagy.^[1][2] Anthropo-entomophagy does not include the eating of arthropods other than insects such as arachnids and myriapods, which is defined as arachnophagy.

Entomophagy is scientifically documented as widespread among non-human primates and common among many human communities.^[3] The eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of certain insects have been eaten by humans from prehistoric times to the present day.^[4] Around 3,000 ethnic groups practice entomophagy.^[5] Human insect-eating is common to cultures in most parts of the world, including Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Eighty percent of the world's nations eat insects of 1,000 to 2,000 species.^[6][7] FAO has registered some 1,900 edible insect species and estimates that there were, in 2005, around two billion insect consumers worldwide. FAO suggests eating insects as a possible solution to environmental degradation caused by livestock production.^[8]

In some societies, primarily western nations, entomophagy is uncommon or taboo.^{[9][10][11][12][13][14]} While insect eating is uncommon in North America and Europe, insects remain a popular food elsewhere, and some companies are trying to introduce insects as food into Western diets.^[15][16][17]

Insects eaten around the world include crickets, cicadas, grasshoppers, ants, various beetle grubs (such as mealworms, the larvae of the darkling beetle),^[18] and various species of caterpillar (such as bamboo worms, mopani worms, silkworms and waxworms).