Ex-Muslims

Ex-Muslims (Arabic: مرتد, romanized: murtadd) are individuals who were raised as Muslims or converted to Islam and later chose to leave the religion.^[1] These individuals may encounter challenges related to the conditions and history of Islam, Islamic culture and jurisprudence, as well as local Muslim culture.^[2] In response, ex-Muslims have formed literary and social movements, as well as mutual support networks and organizations, to address the difficulties associated with leaving Islam and to raise awareness of human rights issues they may face.^[3]

^ Peters, Rudolph; Vries, Gert J. J. De (1976). "Apostasy in Islam". Die Welt des Islams. 17 (1/4): 3. doi:10.2307/1570336. JSTOR 1570336. By the murtadd or apostate is understood as the Moslem by birth or by conversion, who renounces his religion, irrespective of whether or not he subsequently embraces another faith.
^ Zuckerman, Phil (1 December 2015). "The Apostates: When Muslims Leave Islam". Sociology of Religion. 76 (4): 484–485. doi:10.1093/socrel/srv052. ISSN 1069-4404.
^ Beaman, Lori G.; Tomlins, Steven (4 December 2014). Atheist Identities - Spaces and Social Contexts. Springer. p. 154. ISBN 978-3-319-09602-5.

[jstor-1570336-1] Peters, Rudolph; Vries, Gert J. J. De (1976). "Apostasy in Islam". Die Welt des Islams. 17 (1/4): 3. doi:10.2307/1570336. JSTOR 1570336. By the murtadd or apostate is understood as the Moslem by birth or by conversion, who renounces his religion, irrespective of whether or not he subsequently embraces another faith.

[:7-2] Zuckerman, Phil (1 December 2015). "The Apostates: When Muslims Leave Islam". Sociology of Religion. 76 (4): 484–485. doi:10.1093/socrel/srv052. ISSN 1069-4404.

[3] Beaman, Lori G.; Tomlins, Steven (4 December 2014). Atheist Identities - Spaces and Social Contexts. Springer. p. 154. ISBN 978-3-319-09602-5.

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