Back فاطمة جناح Arabic فاطمة جناح ARZ ফাতিমা জিন্নাহ Assamese Fatimə Cinnah Azerbaijani ফাতেমা জিন্নাহ Bengali/Bangla Fatima Jinnah German Fatima Jinnah Esperanto Fatima Jinnah Spanish فاطمه جناح Persian Fatima Jinnah Finnish
Madar-e-Millat Khatun-e-Pakistan Fatima Jinnah | |
|---|---|
فَاطِمَہْ جِنَاحْ | |
 Fatima Jinnah | |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 1 January 1960 – 9 July 1967 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Nurul Amin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 31 July 1893 Kathiawar, Bombay Presidency, British India (Now, Gujarat, India) |
| Died | 9 July 1967 (aged 73) Karachi, West Pakistan, Pakistan (Now, Sindh, Pakistan) |
| Resting place | Mazar-e-Quaid |
| Political party | All-India Muslim League (1947) Muslim League (1947–1958) Independent (1960–1967) |
| Relations | See Jinnah family |
| Parent(s) | Jinnahbhai Poonja Mitthibhai Jinnah |
| Alma mater | Calcutta University (D.D.S) |
| Occupation | Dental surgeon, stateswoman |
Fatima Jinnah[a] (31 July 1893 – 9 July 1967) was a Pakistani politician, stateswoman, author, and activist.[1] She was the younger sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder and first Governor-General of Pakistan.[2][3] She served as the Leader of the Opposition of Pakistan from 1960 until her death in 1967.
After obtaining a dental degree from the University of Calcutta in 1923, she became the first female dentist in undivided India. She was a close associate and adviser to her brother, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. After the independence of Pakistan, she co-founded the Pakistan Women's Association, which played an integral role in the settlement of women migrants in the newly formed country. She remained the closest confidant of her brother until his death. After his death, Fatima was banned from addressing the nation until 1951; her 1951 radio address to the nation was heavily censored by the Liaquat administration.[4] She wrote the book My Brother in 1955, but it was only published 32 years later, in 1987, due to censorship by the establishment, who had accused Fatima of "anti-nationalist material." Even when published, several pages from the book's manuscript were left out.[5] Jinnah came out of her self-imposed political retirement in 1965 to participate in the presidential election against President Muhammad Ayub Khan. Despite winning the popular vote, Jinnah lost the electoral college to Ayub Khan.
Jinnah died in Karachi on 9 July 1967. Her death is subject to controversy, as some reports have alleged that she died of unnatural causes.[6][7] Her family members had demanded an inquiry, however the government blocked their request.[8] She remains one of the most honoured leaders in Pakistan, with nearly half a million people attending her funeral in Karachi.[9]
Her legacy is associated with her support for civil rights. She is commonly known as Madar-e-Millat ("Mother of the Nation") and Khatun-e-Pakistan ("Lady of Pakistan"), many institutions and public spaces in Pakistan have been named in her honour.[10]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Pirbhai 2017.
- ^ "In brief By Ali Iqbal". Dawn Weekly. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
- ^ Afshan Bokhari (2008). Bonnie G. Smith (ed.). The Oxford encyclopedia of women in world history (V 1 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 653. ISBN 978-0-19-514890-9.
- ^ "50 Years Ago Today: A message from Fatima Jinnah". Dawn. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Akhtar Balouch (27 December 2014). "The deleted bits from Fatima Jinnah's 'My Brother'". Dawn. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Hamza Rao (10 July 2016), "What history has kept hidden about the life and death of Fatima Jinnah", Daily Pakistan, archived from the original on 10 March 2017, retrieved 14 September 2016
- ^ "Art of killing without a trace". The Express Tribune. 15 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ "New twist to Miss Jinnah controversy". Dawn. 23 July 2003. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Akhtar Balouch (24 January 2015). "How Fatima Jinnah died — an unsolved criminal case". Dawn. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Ahmed, Akbar S. (1997). Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 0-415-14965-7. Retrieved 14 September 2016 – via The New York Times.
Fatima is known as the Madr-e-Millat, Mother of the Nation, in Pakistan
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