First Islamic State

Islamic State of Medina
الدولة الإسلامية في المدينة (Arabic)
Islamic State of Medina الدولة الإسلامية في المدينة (Arabic)
622–632
	The state of Medina (green) at the time of Muhammad's death, c. 654. It also shows the routes of early Muslim expeditions and conquests under Muhammad.
Capital	Medina
Common languages	Classical Arabic
Religion	Islam (official); Judaism; Christianity
Government	Theocratic Islamic state
Islamic Prophet, Statesman
• 623–632	Muhammad
Historical era	Late antiquity
• Muhammad's migration to Medina	622
• Constitution of Medina	622
• Battle of Badr	13 March 624
• Battle of Uhud	23 March 625
• Battle of Khandaq	31 March – 14 April 627
• Treaty of Hudaybiyyah	March 628
• Conquest of Mecca	31 December 629 – 10 January 630
• Succession to Muhammad	632
Currency	Denarius; Dirham
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Pre-Islamic Arabia
	Sasanian Yemen
	Mazun (Sasanian province)
	Muhammad in Mecca
Rashidun Caliphate

The First Islamic State, also known as State of Medina,^[2] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation). After Muhammad's death, his companions known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Rashidun) founded the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), which began massive expansion and motivated subsequent Islamic states, such as the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258).

The Islamic prophet Muhammad came to the city of Medina following the migration of his followers in what is known as the Hijrah (migration to Medina) in 622. He had been invited to Medina by city leaders to adjudicate disputes between clans from which the city suffered, and was received positively by the city's Jewish and pagan residents as an arbitrator.^[3]^[4] As a result, he was accepted by popular consensus as the city's political leader, establishing the first Islamic State with his role.^[5] He left Medina to return to and conquer Mecca in December 629.

The first Islamic State was governed largely by the Constitution of Medina, which dictated the coalition unification of Medina's tribes and the muhajirun under Muhammad.^[2]

^ "Muhammad completes Hegira". History.com. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b Khel, Muhammad Nazeer Kaka (1982). "Foundation of the Islamic State at Medina and Its Constitution". Islamic Studies. 21 (3): 61–88. ISSN 0578-8072. JSTOR 20847209.
^ Cite error: The named reference Cambridge39 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Jones, Lindsay; Eliade, Mircea; Adams, Charles J., eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2.
^ "Prophet Muhammad in Medina | Advent of Islam". History of Islam. Retrieved 2025-01-04.

[Muhammad_completes_Hegira-1] "Muhammad completes Hegira". History.com. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

[:0-2] Khel, Muhammad Nazeer Kaka (1982). "Foundation of the Islamic State at Medina and Its Constitution". Islamic Studies. 21 (3): 61–88. ISSN 0578-8072. JSTOR 20847209.

[Cambridge39-3] Cite error: The named reference Cambridge39 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Jones, Lindsay; Eliade, Mircea; Adams, Charles J., eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2.

[5] "Prophet Muhammad in Medina | Advent of Islam". History of Islam. Retrieved 2025-01-04.

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