First impression (psychology)

In psychology, a first impression is the event when one person first encounters another person and forms a mental image of that person. Impression accuracy varies depending on the observer and the target (person, object, scene, etc.) being observed.^[1]^[2]^{[unreliable medical source?]} First impressions are based on a wide range of characteristics: age, race, culture, language, gender, physical appearance, accent, posture, voice, number of people present, economic status, and time allowed to process.^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] ^{[unreliable medical source?]} The first impressions individuals give to others could greatly influence how they are treated and viewed in many contexts of everyday life.^[9]^[10]

^ ^a ^b Mackie, Eliot R. Smith, Diane M. (2007). Social psychology (3rd ed.). Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1841694092. Retrieved 8 May 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Flora, Carlin. "The First Impression". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 2011-02-01. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
^ Aronson, Elliot, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson (2007). Social psychology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0132382458. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Biesanz, J.C.; Human, L. J.; Paquin, A.; Chan, M.; Parisotto, K. L.; Sarracino, J.; Gillis, R. L. (2011). "Do we know when our impressions of others are valid? evidence for realistic accuracy awareness in first impressions of personality". Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2 (5): 452–459. doi:10.1177/1948550610397211. S2CID 146223671.
^ Bhargrave, R; Montgomery, N.V. (2013). "The social context of temporal sequences: Why first impressions shape shared experiences". Journal of Consumer Research. 40 (3): 501–517. doi:10.1086/671053. hdl:10044/1/39098.
^ Ding, Jonathan Y. C.; Rule, Nicholas O. (12 January 2012). "Gay, Straight, or Somewhere in Between: Accuracy and Bias in the Perception of Bisexual Faces" (PDF). Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 36 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1007/s10919-011-0129-y. hdl:1807/33150. S2CID 3853200.
^ Naumann, L. P.; Vazire, S.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Gosling, S. D. (17 September 2009). "Personality Judgments Based on Physical Appearance". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 35 (12): 1661–1671. doi:10.1177/0146167209346309. PMID 19762717. S2CID 1645636.
^ Trudeau, M. (5 May 2014). "You Had Me At Hello: The Science Behind First Impressions". NPR. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
^ Guadagno, Rosanna E.; Cialdini, Robert B. (21 March 2007). "Gender Differences in Impression Management in Organizations: A Qualitative Review". Sex Roles. 56 (7–8): 483–494. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9187-3. S2CID 144197017.
^ Wood, T.J. (August 2014). "Exploring the role of first impressions in rater-based assessments". Advances in Health Sciences Education. 19 (3): 409–427. doi:10.1007/s10459-013-9453-9. PMID 23529821. S2CID 25588267.

[Mackie-1] Mackie, Eliot R. Smith, Diane M. (2007). Social psychology (3rd ed.). Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1841694092. Retrieved 8 May 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Carlin-2] Flora, Carlin. "The First Impression". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 2011-02-01. Retrieved 2011-02-20.

[Aronson-3] Aronson, Elliot, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson (2007). Social psychology (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0132382458. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Biesanz-4] Biesanz, J.C.; Human, L. J.; Paquin, A.; Chan, M.; Parisotto, K. L.; Sarracino, J.; Gillis, R. L. (2011). "Do we know when our impressions of others are valid? evidence for realistic accuracy awareness in first impressions of personality". Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2 (5): 452–459. doi:10.1177/1948550610397211. S2CID 146223671.

[Bhargrave-5] Bhargrave, R; Montgomery, N.V. (2013). "The social context of temporal sequences: Why first impressions shape shared experiences". Journal of Consumer Research. 40 (3): 501–517. doi:10.1086/671053. hdl:10044/1/39098.

[Ding-6] Ding, Jonathan Y. C.; Rule, Nicholas O. (12 January 2012). "Gay, Straight, or Somewhere in Between: Accuracy and Bias in the Perception of Bisexual Faces" (PDF). Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 36 (2): 165–176. doi:10.1007/s10919-011-0129-y. hdl:1807/33150. S2CID 3853200.

[Naumann-7] Naumann, L. P.; Vazire, S.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Gosling, S. D. (17 September 2009). "Personality Judgments Based on Physical Appearance". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 35 (12): 1661–1671. doi:10.1177/0146167209346309. PMID 19762717. S2CID 1645636.

[Trudeau-8] Trudeau, M. (5 May 2014). "You Had Me At Hello: The Science Behind First Impressions". NPR. Retrieved 6 May 2014.

[Guadagno-9] Guadagno, Rosanna E.; Cialdini, Robert B. (21 March 2007). "Gender Differences in Impression Management in Organizations: A Qualitative Review". Sex Roles. 56 (7–8): 483–494. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9187-3. S2CID 144197017.

[Wood-10] Wood, T.J. (August 2014). "Exploring the role of first impressions in rater-based assessments". Advances in Health Sciences Education. 19 (3): 409–427. doi:10.1007/s10459-013-9453-9. PMID 23529821. S2CID 25588267.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]