Free-to-air

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Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscription, other ongoing cost, or one-off fee (e.g., pay-per-view). In the traditional sense, this is carried on terrestrial radio signals and received with an antenna.

FTA also refers to channels and broadcasters providing content for which no subscription is expected, even though they may be delivered to the viewer/listener by another carrier for which a subscription is required, e.g., cable television, the Internet, or satellite. These carriers may be mandated (or OPT) in some geographies to deliver FTA channels even if a premium subscription is not present (providing the necessary equipment is still available), especially where FTA channels are expected to be used for emergency broadcasts, similar to the mandatory emergency phone number service provided by mobile phone operators and manufacturers.

(FTV), on the other hand, is generally available without a subscription, but it is digitally encoded (often requiring a proprietary device or software to decode the signal, such as VideoGuard) and may be restricted geographically.

Free-to-air is often used for international broadcasting, making its coverage similar to that of shortwave radio. Most FTA retailers list free-to-air channel guides and content available in North America for free-to-air use.