French submarine X

X

A French post card of X, date unknown. The submarine's bow is on the right. A Jemmapes-class coast-defense ship is in the background.
Class overview
Name	X
Operators	French Navy
Preceded by	Y
Succeeded by	Aigrette class
Built	1903–1905
In service	1905–1913
Completed	1
History
Ordered	10 January 1902
Builder	Arsenal de Cherbourg
Laid down	20 April 1903
Launched	15 November 1904
Commissioned	18 December 1905
Decommissioned	1 June 1913
Renamed	Dauphin, 13 February 1911
Stricken	21 May 1914
Fate	Sold for scrap, 1922
General characteristics
Type	Submarine
Displacement	165 long tons (168 t) (surfaced) 180 long tons (183 t) (submerged)
Length	37.7 m (123 ft 8 in) (o/a)
Beam	3.1 m (10 ft 2 in)
Draught	2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Installed power	2 × motor-generators, 230–260 PS (169–191 kW)
Propulsion	2 × variable-pitch propellers
Speed	8.4 knots (15.6 km/h; 9.7 mph) (surfaced) 6.2 knots (11.5 km/h; 7.1 mph) (submerged)
Range	170 nmi (310 km; 200 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) (surfaced) 60 nmi (110 km; 69 mi) at 4.5 knots (8.3 km/h; 5.2 mph) (submerged)
Complement	15 men
Armament	1 × 450 mm (17.7 in) bow torpedo tube 2 × 450 mm (17.7 in) Drzewiecki drop collar torpedo launchers 1 × 450 mm (17.7 in) external torpedo cradle

X was an experimental submarine built for the French Navy (Marine nationale) during the first decade of the 20th century. Designed by Gaston Romazzotti, she was shaped like the letter Y with two sterns, making her the first submarine with two propeller shafts. The boat was completed in 1905 and spent the next two years conducting her sea trials. X was renamed Dauphin (Dolphin) in 1911. Her internal-combustion engines proved unreliable and she was decommissioned in 1913 and struck from the navy list the following year. The submarine was not used during the First World War and was sold for scrap in 1922.