Back GN-z11 Arabic GN-z11 Byelorussian GN-z11 German GN-z11 DIQ GN-z11 Greek GN-z11 Spanish GN-z11 galaxia Basque جی‌ان‌-ز۱۱ Persian GN-z11 Finnish GN-z11 French

GN-z11

GN-z11
GN-z11 superimposed on an image from the GOODS-North survey
Observation data (J2000[1] epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major[1]
Right ascension12h 36m 25.46s[1]
Declination+62° 14′ 31.4″[1]
Redshift10.6034±0.0013[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity295,050 ± 119,917 km/s (183,336 ± 74,513 mi/s)[3]
Distance
Apparent magnitude (V)25.8H
Characteristics
TypeIrregular
Mass~1×109[4] M☉
Size4,000 ± 2,000 ly (1,200 ± 610 pc)[4]
Apparent size (V)0.6arcsec[4]
Other designations
GN-z10-1,[4] GNS-JD2[3]

GN-z11 is a high-redshift galaxy found in the constellation Ursa Major. It is among the farthest known galaxies from Earth ever discovered.[5][6] The 2015 discovery was published in a 2016 paper headed by Pascal Oesch and Gabriel Brammer (Cosmic Dawn Center). Up until the discovery of JADES-GS-z13-0 in 2022 by the James Webb Space Telescope, GN-z11 was the oldest and most distant known galaxy yet identified in the observable universe,[7] having a spectroscopic redshift of z = 10.957, which corresponds to a proper distance of approximately 32 billion light-years (9.8 billion parsecs).[8][note 1] Data published in 2024 established that the galaxy contains the most distant, and therefore earliest, black hole known in the universe,[9][10] estimated at around 1.6 million solar masses.[11]

The object's name is derived from its location in the GOODS-North field of galaxies and its high cosmological redshift number (GN + z11).[12] It is observed as it existed 13.4 billion years ago, just 400 million years after the Big Bang;[4][13][14] as a result, its distance is sometimes inappropriately[15] reported as 13.4 billion light-years, its light-travel distance measurement.[16][17]

In early 2023, James Webb Space Telescope observed the galaxy and reported a definitive redshift of z = 10.6034 ± 0.0013.[2]

The galaxy has such a high redshift that its angular diameter distance is actually less than that of some galaxies with lower redshift. This means that the ratio of its angular size to its size in light-years is greater.[clarification needed]

  1. ^ a b c d "Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record - Fast Facts". HubbleSite. 3 March 2016. STScI-2016-07. Archived from the original on 6 July 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  2. ^ a b Bunker, Andrew J.; et al. (2023). "JADES NIRSpec Spectroscopy of GN-z11: Lyman- α emission and possible enhanced nitrogen abundance in a z = 10.60 luminous galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 677: A88. arXiv:2302.07256. Bibcode:2023A&A...677A..88B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346159.
  3. ^ a b "[BIG2010] GNS-JD2". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference Astro draft was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Gohd, Chelsea (21 December 2020). "Scientists think they've spotted the farthest galaxy in the universe". Space.com. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  6. ^ O'Neill, Mariclaire; Whitehead, Nadia (7 April 2022). "Scientists Have Spotted the Farthest Galaxy Ever". Center for Astrophysics. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  7. ^ Klotz, Irene (3 March 2016). "Hubble Spies Most Distant, Oldest Galaxy Ever". Seeker. Discovery, Inc. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  8. ^ Jiang, Linhua; et al. (January 2021). "Evidence for GN-z11 as a luminous galaxy at redshift 11". Nature Astronomy. 5: 256–261. arXiv:2012.06936. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..256J. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-01275-y. S2CID 229156468.
  9. ^ Robert Lea (January 17, 2024). "James Webb Space Telescope discovers oldest and most distant black hole ever seen". Space.com.
  10. ^ Joe Pinkstone (January 17, 2024). "Oldest black hole ever seen challenges what we know about their formation". The Telegraph.
  11. ^ Maiolino, Roberto; Scholtz, Jan; Witstok, Joris; Carniani, Stefano; D'Eugenio, Francesco; de Graaff, Anna; Übler, Hannah; Tacchella, Sandro; Curtis-Lake, Emma; Arribas, Santiago; Bunker, Andrew; Charlot, Stéphane; Chevallard, Jacopo; Curti, Mirko; Looser, Tobias J.; Maseda, Michael V.; Rawle, Timothy D.; Rodríguez del Pino, Bruno; Willott, Chris J.; Egami, Eiichi; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Hainline, Kevin N.; Robertson, Brant; Williams, Christina C.; Willmer, Christopher N. A.; Baker, William M.; Boyett, Kristan; DeCoursey, Christa; Fabian, Andrew C.; Helton, Jakob M.; Ji, Zhiyuan; Jones, Gareth C.; Kumari, Nimisha; Laporte, Nicolas; Nelson, Erica J.; Perna, Michele; Sandles, Lester; Shivaei, Irene; Sun, Fengwu (17 January 2024). "A small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe". Nature. 627 (8002): 59–63. arXiv:2305.12492. Bibcode:2024Natur.627...59M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07052-5. PMID 38232944. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  12. ^ "Hubble Team Breaks Cosmic Distance Record". NASA. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  13. ^ Amos, Jonathan (3 March 2016). "Hubble sets new cosmic distance record". BBC News. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  14. ^ Griffin, Andrew (4 March 2016). "Most distant object in the universe spotted by Hubble Space Telescope, shattering record for the farthest known galaxy". The Independent. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  15. ^ Wright, Edward L. (2 August 2013). "Why the Light Travel Time Distance should not be used in Press Releases". University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  16. ^ Borenstein, Seth (3 March 2016). "Astronomers Spot Record Distant Galaxy From Early Cosmos". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  17. ^ "GN-z11: Astronomers push Hubble Space Telescope to limits to observe most remote galaxy ever seen". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

Rich TVX News Network Site

Rich TVX News Network Info

© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search