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Ganden Phodrang དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང 甘丹頗章 | |
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1642–1959 | |
Status | Protectorate of the Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717) Protectorate of the Dzungar Khanate (1717–1720) Protectorate of the Qing dynasty (1720–1912) Protectorate of the People's Republic of China (1951-1959) |
Capital | Lhasa |
Common languages | Tibetan |
Religion | Tibetan Buddhism |
Government | Tibetan Buddhist Sacerdotal state Spiritual and Secular lugs gnyis (dual order) |
Dalai Lama | |
• 1642–1682 | 5th Dalai Lama (first) |
• 1950–1959 | 14th Dalai Lama (last) |
History | |
• Established | 1642 |
• Disestablished | 1959 |
Currency | Tibetan currency |
History of Tibet |
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See also |
Asia portal • China portal |
The Ganden Phodrang or Ganden Podrang (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང, Wylie: dGa' ldan pho brang, Lhasa dialect: [ˈkɑ̃̀tɛ̃̀ ˈpʰóʈɑ̀ŋ]; Chinese: 甘丹頗章; pinyin: Gāndān Pōzhāng) was the Tibetan system of government established by the 5th Dalai Lama in 1642, after the Oirat lord Güshi Khan who founded the Khoshut Khanate conferred all temporal power on the 5th Dalai Lama in a ceremony in Shigatse in the same year. It protected followers of the Gelug order of Tibetan Buddhism, serving as their place of residence and refuge, before eventually becoming the seat of the school's political power.[1] Lhasa again became the capital of Tibet, and the Ganden Phodrang operated until the 1950s. The Ganden Phodrang accepted China's Qing emperors as overlords after the 1720 expedition,[2] and the Qing became increasingly active in governing Tibet starting in the early 18th century. After the fall of the Qing empire in 1912, the Ganden Phodrang government lasted until the 1950s, when Tibet was annexed by the People's Republic of China. During most of the time from the early Qing period until the end of Ganden Phodrang rule, a governing council known as the Kashag (established by the Qing in 1721) operated as the highest authority in the Ganden Phodrang administration.
The Manchu, or Qing, Empire became Tibet's overlord in 1720 when it installed the Seventh Dalai Lama, but this relationship was not rigorously defined and the Manchu made no move to absorb Tibet as a province.
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