German military brothels in World War II

Military brothels (German: Militärbordelle) were set up by Nazi Germany during World War II throughout much of occupied Europe for the use of Wehrmacht and SS soldiers.^[1] These brothels were generally new creations, but in the west, they were sometimes expansions of pre-existing brothels and other buildings. Until 1942, there were around 500 military brothels of this kind in German-occupied Europe,^[2] serving travelling soldiers and those withdrawn from the front.^[3]^[4] According to records, a minimum of 34,140 European women were forced to serve as prostitutes during the German occupation of their own countries along with female prisoners of concentration camp brothels.^[1] In many cases in Eastern Europe, teenage girls and women were kidnapped on the streets of occupied cities during German military and police round ups called łapanka in Polish or rafle in French.^[3]^[4]^[5]

^ ^a ^b Nanda Herbermann; Hester Baer; Elizabeth Roberts Baer (2000). The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp for Women. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8143-2920-7. Retrieved January 12, 2011 – via Google Books. (in English)
^ Helge Sander, Barbara Johr (eds.), Befreier und Befreite - Krieg - Vergewaltigung - Kinder, Frankfurt am Main 2005
^ ^a ^b Leon Yudkin (1993). "Narrative Perspectives on Holocaust Literature". In Leon Yudkin (ed.). Hebrew Literature in the Wake of the Holocaust. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 13–32. ISBN 978-0-8386-3499-8.
^ ^a ^b Lenten, Ronit (2000). Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence. Berghahn Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-1-57181-775-4.
^ Cite error: The named reference Wprost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Herbermann-1] Nanda Herbermann; Hester Baer; Elizabeth Roberts Baer (2000). The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp for Women. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8143-2920-7. Retrieved January 12, 2011 – via Google Books. (in English)

[Sander-2] Helge Sander, Barbara Johr (eds.), Befreier und Befreite - Krieg - Vergewaltigung - Kinder, Frankfurt am Main 2005

[Yudkin-3] Leon Yudkin (1993). "Narrative Perspectives on Holocaust Literature". In Leon Yudkin (ed.). Hebrew Literature in the Wake of the Holocaust. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. pp. 13–32. ISBN 978-0-8386-3499-8.

[Lenten-4] Lenten, Ronit (2000). Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence. Berghahn Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-1-57181-775-4.

[Wprost-5] Cite error: The named reference Wprost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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