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Glasgow[a] is the most populous city in Scotland, located on the banks of the River Clyde in west central Scotland.[5] It is the third-most-populous city in the United Kingdom[6] and the 27th-most-populous city in Europe,[7] and comprises 23 wards which represent the areas of the city within Glasgow City Council. Glasgow is a leading city in Scotland for finance, shopping, industry, culture and fashion, and was commonly referred to as the "second city of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian and Edwardian eras.[8][9][10][11]
In 2020, it had an estimated population as a defined locality of 632,350. More than 1,000,000 people live in the Greater Glasgow contiguous urban area, while the wider Glasgow City Region is home to more than 1,800,000 people (its defined functional urban area total was almost the same in 2020),[12] around a third of Scotland's population.[13] The city has a population density of 3,562 people per km2, much higher than the average of 70/km2 for Scotland as a whole.[14] Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement close to Glasgow Cathedral and descending to the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland, and the tenth-largest by tonnage in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric and episcopal burgh (subsequently royal burgh), and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century.
Glasgow became a county in 1893, the city having previously been in the historic county of Lanarkshire, and later growing to also include settlements that were once part of Renfrewshire and Dunbartonshire. It now forms the Glasgow City Council area, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and is administered by Glasgow City Council. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glasgow's population grew rapidly, reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 (with a higher density and within a smaller territory than in subsequent decades).[15] The population was greatly reduced following comprehensive urban renewal projects in the 1960s which resulted in large-scale relocation of people to designated new towns, such as Cumbernauld, Livingston, East Kilbride and peripheral suburbs, followed by successive boundary changes.[16][17]
Glasgow's major cultural institutions enjoy international reputations. They include the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland, the Burrell Collection, Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Scottish Ballet and Scottish Opera. The city was the European Capital of Culture in 1990 and is notable for its architecture, culture, media, music scene, sports clubs and transport connections. It is the fifth-most-visited city in the United Kingdom.[18] The city is also well-known in the sporting world for association football, particularly for the Old Firm rivalry.
- ^ (Between 1175–78, exact date unknown) Lambert, Tim. "A brief history of Glasgow". localhistories.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ^ "Councillors and Committees". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
- ^ a b "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND :: glesca".
- ^ "Scottish Cities | Scotland.org". Scotland. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ "United Kingdom - Largest cities". Statista. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ "Largest European cities 2020". Statista. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Victorian Glasgow". BBC History. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "About Glasgow: The Second City of the Empire – the 19th century". Glasgow City Council. Archived from the original on 2 April 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
- ^ Fraser, W H. "Second City of The Empire: 1830s to 1914". University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ^ McIlvanney, W. "Glasgow – city of reality". Scotland – the official online gateway. Archived from the original on 4 December 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
- ^ "Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD Data Explorer. OECD.
Glasgow...1,847,200
- ^ "Population estimates for settlements and localities in Scotland: mid-2020". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ "GCHSCP Demographics and Needs Profile". Glasgow City Council. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
- ^ "Factsheet 4: Population" (PDF). Glasgow City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
- ^ "Comprehensive Development Areas - Times Past". Glasgow Life. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
- ^ Alison, Campsie. "Livingston at 60: A New Town forged in ambition and hopes for a better life". The Scotsman. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
- ^ "Top 20 Most Popular Cities in the UK for International Visitors". Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
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