Global governance

Global governance (or world governance) refers to institutions that coordinate the behavior of transnational actors, facilitate cooperation, resolve disputes, and alleviate collective action problems.^[1]^[2]^[3] Global governance broadly entails making, monitoring, and enforcing rules.^[4] Within global governance, a variety of types of actors – not just states – exercise power.^[4]

In contrast to the traditional meaning of governance, the term global governance is used to denote the regulation of interdependent relations in the absence of an overarching political authority.^[5] The best example of this is the international system or relationships between independent states.

The concept of global governance began in the mid-19th century.^[1] It became particularly prominent in the aftermath of World War I, and more so after the end of World War II.^[1] Since World War II, the number of international organizations has increased substantially.^[1] The number of actors (whether they be states, non-governmental organizations, firms, and epistemic communities) who are involved in governance relationships has also increased substantially.^[1]

Various terms have been used for the dynamics of global governance, such as complex interdependence, international regimes, multilevel governance, global constitutionalism, and ordered anarchy.^[6]

Stronger international cooperation is needed to tackle the interconnected global governance challenges such as health, trade, and the environment.^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Barnett, Michael N.; Pevehouse, Jon C.W.; Raustiala, Kal (2021), Pevehouse, Jon C. W.; Raustiala, Kal; Barnett, Michael N. (eds.), "Introduction", Global Governance in a World of Change, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–47, doi:10.1017/9781108915199.001, ISBN 978-1-108-90670-8, S2CID 244865423
^ Young, Oran R. (1994). International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Cornell University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8014-8176-5.
^ Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (2004), Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (eds.), Power in global governance, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–32, ISBN 978-0-521-84024-8
^ ^a ^b Lake, David A (2021). "The organizational ecology of global governance". European Journal of International Relations. 27 (2): 345–368. doi:10.1177/1354066120959407. ISSN 1354-0661. S2CID 224930498.
^ James N. Rosenau, "Toward an Ontology for Global Governance", in Martin Hewson and Thomas Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory, SUNY Press, Albany, 1999.
^ Alter, Karen J. (2022). "The promise and perils of theorizing international regime complexity in an evolving world". The Review of International Organizations. 17 (2): 375–396. doi:10.1007/s11558-021-09448-8. ISSN 1559-744X. S2CID 245870740.
^ Bogers, Maya; Biermann, Frank; Kalfagianni, Agni; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Treep, Jelle; de Vos, Martine G. (2022). "The impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on a network of 276 international organizations". Global Environmental Change. 76: 102567. Bibcode:2022GEC....7602567B. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102567. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

[:0-1] Barnett, Michael N.; Pevehouse, Jon C.W.; Raustiala, Kal (2021), Pevehouse, Jon C. W.; Raustiala, Kal; Barnett, Michael N. (eds.), "Introduction", Global Governance in a World of Change, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–47, doi:10.1017/9781108915199.001, ISBN 978-1-108-90670-8, S2CID 244865423

[2] Young, Oran R. (1994). International Governance: Protecting the Environment in a Stateless Society. Cornell University Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8014-8176-5.

[3] Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (2004), Barnett, Michael; Duvall, Raymond (eds.), Power in global governance, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–32, ISBN 978-0-521-84024-8

[:1-4] Lake, David A (2021). "The organizational ecology of global governance". European Journal of International Relations. 27 (2): 345–368. doi:10.1177/1354066120959407. ISSN 1354-0661. S2CID 224930498.

[5] James N. Rosenau, "Toward an Ontology for Global Governance", in Martin Hewson and Thomas Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory, SUNY Press, Albany, 1999.

[6] Alter, Karen J. (2022). "The promise and perils of theorizing international regime complexity in an evolving world". The Review of International Organizations. 17 (2): 375–396. doi:10.1007/s11558-021-09448-8. ISSN 1559-744X. S2CID 245870740.

[:3-7] Bogers, Maya; Biermann, Frank; Kalfagianni, Agni; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Treep, Jelle; de Vos, Martine G. (2022). "The impact of the Sustainable Development Goals on a network of 276 international organizations". Global Environmental Change. 76: 102567. Bibcode:2022GEC....7602567B. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102567. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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