Species of bacterium
Gloeomargarita lithophora
Scientific classification
Domain:
Phylum:
Order:
Gloeomargaritales
Family:
Gloeomargaritaceae
Genus:
Gloeomargarita
Species:
G. lithophora
Binomial name
Gloeomargarita lithophora
Gloeomargarita lithophora is a cyanobacterium , and is the proposed sister of the endosymbiotic plastids in the eukaryote group Archaeplastida (glaucophytes , plants , green and red algae ). Gloeomargarita' s relative would have ended up in an ancestral archaeplastid through a singular endosymbiotic event some 1900-1400 million years ago, after which it was recruited by the euglenids and some members of the SAR supergroup .[ 1] [ 2]
The origin of plastids by endosymbiosis signifies the beginning of photosynthesis in eukaryotes ,[ 3] and as such their evolutionary relationship to Gloeomargarita lithophora , perhaps as a direct divergent,[ 2] is of high importance to the evolutionary history of photosynthesis. Gloeomargarita appears to be related to a (basal) Synechococcus branch.[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [verification needed ] [clarification needed ] A similar endosymbiotic event occurred about 500 million years ago, with another Synechococcus related bacteria appearing in Paulinella chromatophora .[ 6]
^ Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Irisarri, Iker; Williams, Tom A.; Burki, Fabien (2021). "A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids" . Nature . 12 (1): 1879. Bibcode :2021NatCo..12.1879S . doi :10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z . PMC 7994803 . PMID 33767194 .
^ a b Betts, Holly C.; Puttick, Mark N.; Clark, James W.; Williams, Tom A.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Pisani, Davide (2018-08-20). "Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life's early evolution and eukaryote origin" . Nature Ecology & Evolution . 2 (10): 1556–1562. doi :10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x . ISSN 2397-334X . PMC 6152910 . PMID 30127539 .
^ Gould, Sven B.; Waller, Ross F.; McFadden, Geoffrey I. (2008). "Plastid Evolution". Annual Review of Plant Biology . 59 (1): 491–517. doi :10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092915 . PMID 18315522 .
^ Saw, Jimmy H. W.; Schatz, Michael; Brown, Mark V.; Kunkel, Dennis D.; Foster, Jamie S.; Shick, Harry; Christensen, Stephanie; Hou, Shaobin; Wan, Xuehua (2013-10-23). "Cultivation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Gloeobacter kilaueensis sp. nov., from a Lava Cave in Kīlauea Caldera, Hawai'i" . PLOS ONE . 8 (10): e76376. Bibcode :2013PLoSO...876376S . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0076376 . ISSN 1932-6203 . PMC 3806779 . PMID 24194836 .
^ Ponce-Toledo, Rafael I.; Deschamps, Philippe; López-García, Purificación; Zivanovic, Yvan; Benzerara, Karim; Moreira, David (2017). "An Early-Branching Freshwater Cyanobacterium at the Origin of Plastids" . Current Biology . 27 (3): 386–391. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.056 . ISSN 0960-9822 . PMC 5650054 . PMID 28132810 .
^ a b Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 114 (37): E7737–E7745. Bibcode :2017PNAS..114E7737S . doi :10.1073/pnas.1620089114 . ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 5603991 . PMID 28808007 .