Gongche Shangshu movement

The Gongche Shangshu movement (simplified Chinese: 公车上书; traditional Chinese: 公車上書; pinyin: Gōngchē Shàngshū), or Petition of the Examination Candidates,^[1] also known as the Scholar's Petition to the Throne,^[2] was a political movement in China during the late Qing dynasty, seeking reforms and expressing opposition to the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895. It is considered the first modern political movement in China. Leaders of the movement later became leaders of the Hundred Days' Reform.

^ Sebastian Riebold (May 2020). Revisiting the Sick Man of Asia": Discourses of Weakness in Late 19th and Early 20th Century China. Campus Verlag. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-3-593-50902-0.
^ Kun Qian (4 December 2015). Imperial-Time-Order: Literature, Intellectual History, and China’s Road to Empire. Brill Publishers. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-90-04-30930-2.

[Riebold2020-1] Sebastian Riebold (May 2020). Revisiting the Sick Man of Asia": Discourses of Weakness in Late 19th and Early 20th Century China. Campus Verlag. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-3-593-50902-0.

[Qian2015-2] Kun Qian (4 December 2015). Imperial-Time-Order: Literature, Intellectual History, and China’s Road to Empire. Brill Publishers. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-90-04-30930-2.

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