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Grouse

For other uses, see Grouse (disambiguation).

Grouse
Temporal range: Early Miocene to recent
Male sage grouse
Centrocercus urophasianus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Subfamily: Phasianinae
Tribe: Tetraonini
Leach, 1819
Genera

Pucrasia[note 1]
Meleagris[note 1]
Bonasa
Tetrastes
Centrocercus
Dendragapus
Tympanuchus
Lagopus
Falcipennis
Canachites
Tetrao
Lyrurus

and see text

Synonyms

Tetraonidae Vigors, 1825
Tetraoninae Vigors, 1825

A ruffed grouse found at the Kortright Centre for Conservation.

Grouse /ɡraʊs/ are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae. Grouse are presently assigned to the tribe Tetraonini (formerly the subfamily Tetraoninae and the family Tetraonidae), a classification supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence studies,[2] and applied by the American Ornithologists' Union,[3] ITIS,[4] International Ornithological Congress,[5] and others.[6][1]

Grouse inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, from pine forests to moorland and mountainside,[7] from 83°N (rock ptarmigan in northern Greenland) to 28°N (Attwater's prairie chicken in Texas).[8]

The turkeys are closely allied with grouse, but they have traditionally been excluded from Tetraonini, often placed in their own tribe, subfamily, or family;[2][8][9][10] certain more modern treatments also exclude them.[11][12] Later phylogenomic analyses demonstrated conclusively that they are sister to the traditionally-defined grouse, and they, along with the somewhat earlier-diverging koklass pheasant, may be treated as grouse (i.e., as basal members of the Tetraonini).[1] This is reflected in some more recent circumscriptions.[6][10]

  1. ^ a b c Kimball, Rebecca T.; Hosner, Peter A.; Braun, Edward L. (2021-05-01). "A phylogenomic supermatrix of Galliformes (Landfowl) reveals biased branch lengths". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 158: 107091. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107091. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 33545275. S2CID 231963063.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Gutierrez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference AOUlist was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference ITIS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-08-01.
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Boyd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference EoB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Firefly was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference ssd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b "turkeys, grouse, pheasants, and partridges articles-Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Phasianidae Horsfield, 1821". GBIF. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  12. ^ Persons, Nicholas W.; Hosner, Peter A.; Meiklejohn, Kelly A.; Braun, Edward L.; Kimball, Rebecca T. (2016). "Sorting out relationships among the grouse and ptarmigan using intron, mitochondrial, and ultra-conserved element sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 98. Elsevier BV: 123–132. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.02.003. PMID 26879712.


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