Gulf of California

Gulf of California
Gulf of California
Sea of Cortés, Vermilion Sea
	Gulf of California (highlighted in light blue)
Coordinates	28°0′N 112°0′W / 28.000°N 112.000°W
River sources	Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Yaqui
Ocean/sea sources	Pacific Ocean
Basin countries	Mexico
Max. length	1,126 km (700 mi)
Max. width	48–241 km (30–150 mi)
Surface area	160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi)
Islands	37
References
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official name	Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California
Type	Natural
Criteria	vii, ix, x
Designated	2005
Reference no.	1182
Region	Latin America and the Caribbean
Endangered	2019–present

The Gulf of California (Spanish: Golfo de California), also known as the Sea of Cortés (Mar de Cortés) or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (Mar Vermejo), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from the Mexican mainland. It is bordered by the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, and Sinaloa with a coastline of approximately 4,000 km (2,500 mi). Rivers that flow into the Gulf of California include the Colorado, Fuerte, Mayo, Sinaloa, Sonora, and the Yaqui. The surface of the gulf is about 160,000 km² (62,000 sq mi). Maximum depths exceed 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) because of the complex geology, linked to plate tectonics.^[3]

The gulf is thought to be one of the most diverse seas on Earth and is home to more than 5,000 species of micro-invertebrates.^[4] Parts of the Gulf of California are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

^ Cite error: The named reference Nix was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference whs danger was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Richard C. Brusca (1973). A Handbook to the Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 10–15. ISBN 978-0-8165-0356-8.
^ Ernesto Campos, Alma Rosa de Campos & Jesús Angel de León-González (2009). "Diversity and ecological remarks of ectocommensals and ectoparasites (Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca) of echinoids (Echinoidea: Mellitidae) in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico". Parasitology Research. 105 (2): 479–487. doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1419-8. PMID 19337754. S2CID 19481500.

[Nix-1] Cite error: The named reference Nix was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[whs_danger-2] Cite error: The named reference whs danger was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Brusca-3] Richard C. Brusca (1973). A Handbook to the Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 10–15. ISBN 978-0-8165-0356-8.

[4] Ernesto Campos, Alma Rosa de Campos & Jesús Angel de León-González (2009). "Diversity and ecological remarks of ectocommensals and ectoparasites (Annelida, Crustacea, Mollusca) of echinoids (Echinoidea: Mellitidae) in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico". Parasitology Research. 105 (2): 479–487. doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1419-8. PMID 19337754. S2CID 19481500.

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