major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() Crystallographic structure of human HLA-DM.[1] | |||||||
Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | HLA-DMA | ||||||
NCBI gene | 3108 | ||||||
HGNC | 4934 | ||||||
OMIM | 142855 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_006120 | ||||||
UniProt | P28067 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 6 p21.3 | ||||||
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major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | HLA-DMB | ||||||
NCBI gene | 3109 | ||||||
HGNC | 4935 | ||||||
OMIM | 142856 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_002118 | ||||||
UniProt | P28068 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 6 p21.3 | ||||||
|
HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system.[2] It does this by assisting in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II membrane-bound proteins.[3] HLA-DM is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.[4]
HLA-DM is a molecular chaperone[5] that works in lysosomes and endosomes in cells of the immune system. It works in APCs like macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells[6] by interacting with MHC class II molecules.[7] HLA-DM protects the MHC class II molecules from breaking down, and regulates which proteins or peptides bind to them as well.[5] This regulates how and when a peptide acts as an antigen initiating an immune response. Thus, HLA-DM is necessary for the immune system to respond effectively to a foreign invader. Impairment in HLA-DM function can result in immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases.[8]
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