Back Hallusinogeen Afrikaans مهلوس Arabic Allucinóxenu AST Галюцынагены Byelorussian Халюциноген Bulgarian Al·lucinogen Catalan Halucinogen Czech Halluzinogen German Παραισθησιογόνο Greek Halucinogeno Esperanto
| Hallucinogen | |
|---|---|
| Drug class | |
 Chemical structure of psilocybin, the main active constituent of psilocybin-containing mushrooms and one of the most well-known hallucinogens. | |
| Class identifiers | |
| Synonyms | Psychedelic; Entheogen; Psychotomomimetic |
| Use | Recreational, spiritual, medical |
| Mechanism of action | Various |
| Biological target | Various |
| Chemical class | Various |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| In Wikidata | |
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes.[1][2][3][4] Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes.[4]
Examples of hallucinogens include psychedelics or serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT; dissociatives or NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine, PCP, DXM, and nitrous oxide; deliriants or antimuscarinics like scopolamine and diphenhydramine; cannabinoids or cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists like THC, nabilone, and JWH-018; κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A and pentazocine; GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and gaboxadol; and oneirogens like ibogaine and harmaline, among others.[1][2]
- ^ a b Walker, Scott R.; Pullella, Glenn A.; Piggott, Matthew J.; Duggan, Peter J. (5 July 2023). "Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs". Australian Journal of Chemistry. 76 (5): 236–257. doi:10.1071/CH23050. ISSN 0004-9425. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
- ^ a b Presti, David E. (12 April 2017). "Altered States of Consciousness: Drug‐Induced States". The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness (PDF). Wiley. p. 171–186. doi:10.1002/9781119132363.ch12. ISBN 978-0-470-67406-2. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
- ^ Vollenweider, Franz X. (2001). "Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 3 (4): 265–279. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2001.3.4/fxvollenweider. PMC 3181663. PMID 22033605.
- ^ a b Volgin, Andrey D.; Yakovlev, Oleg A.; Demin, Constantin A.; Alekseeva, Polina A.; Kyzar, Evan J.; Collins, Christopher; Nichols, David E.; Kalueff, Allan V. (2019). "Understanding Central Nervous System Effects of Deliriant Hallucinogenic Drugs through Experimental Animal Models". ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 10 (1): 143–154. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00433. PMID 30252437. S2CID 52824516.
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